Constraining Gravitino Dark Matter with the Cosmic Microwave Background

Abstract

We consider super-gravity models in which the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) is a stable gravitino. The next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle (NLSP) freezes out with its thermal relic density and then decays after $(10^5-10^{10})$ sec, injecting high-energy photons into the cosmic plasma. These photons heat up the electron plasma which then thermalizes with the cosmic microwave background (CMB) via Compton scattering, bremsstrahlung and double-Compton scattering. Contrary to previous studies which assume instantaneous energy injection, we solve the full kinetic equation for the photon number density with a source term describing the decay of the NLSP. This source term is based on the requirement that the injected energy be almost instantaneously redistributed by Compton scattering, hence leading to a time-dependent chemical potential. We investigate the case of a stau NLSP and determine the constraints on the gravitino and stau masses from observations of the CMB spectrum by assuming that all gravitino LSPs come from stau NLSP decays. Unlike the analytical approximations, we find that there may be a stau mass below which the constraint from the CMB spectrum vanishes.