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Hybrid $SU(2)\times U(1)$ models, electric charge nonconservation and the photon mass

A. Yu. Ignatiev·G. C. Joshi
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Abstract

Hybrid $SU(2) \times U(1)$ models are the models in which $SU(2) \times U(1)$ symmetry is broken down not only spontaneously (as in the Standard Model), but also explicitely by adding a hard mass term for the U(1) field in the lagrangian. We study the issue of electric charge nonconservation and dequantization in these models. For this purpose we construct and analyze a series of hybrid models with different scalar contents. We show that some of these models posess an interesting property: the photon can remain massless (at least, at the tree level) even though the electric charge is not conserved.

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A. Yu. Ignatiev, G. C. Joshi. 1997-10-31. Hybrid $SU(2)\times U(1)$ models, electric charge nonconservation and the photon mass. https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9710552

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