The modularity of the Barth-Nieto quintic and its relatives

Abstract

The moduli space of (1,3)-polarized abelian surfaces with full level-2 structure is birational to a double cover of the Barth-Nieto quintic. Barth and Nieto have shown that these varieties have Calabi-Yau models Z and Y, respectively. In this paper we apply the Weil conjectures to show that Y and Z are rigid and we prove that the L-function of their common third étale cohomology group is modular, as predicted by a conjecture of Fontaine and Mazur. The corresponding modular form is the unique normalized cusp form of weight 4 for the group Γ_1(6). By Tate's conjecture, this should imply that Y, the fibred square of the universal elliptic curve S_1(6), and Verrill's rigid Calabi-Yau Z_{A_3}, which all have the same L-function, are in correspondence over Q. We show that this is indeed the case by giving explicit maps.