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Almost normal Heegaard surfaces

Simon A. King
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Abstract

We present a new and shorter proof of Stocking's result that any strongly irreducible Heegaard surface of a closed orientable triangulated 3-manifold is isotopic to an almost normal surface. We also re-prove a result of Jaco and Rubinstein on normal spheres. Both proofs are based on the "reduction" technique introduced by the author.

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Simon A. King. 2003-10-05. Almost normal Heegaard surfaces. https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0303377

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