arXiv2026
We solve an open problem on the multilinear Rubio de Francia extrapolation on Banach function spaces. The main result states that, under the assumption of the boundedness of the multisublinear Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator, the multivariable boundedness on Banach function spaces can be extrapolated from some weighted Lebesgue space, including the cases where some exponents may be infinite. Based on this result, we also establish multilinear extrapolation of boundedness on rearrangement invariant Banach function spaces, and multilinear extrapolation of compactness on general Banach function spaces. Beyond that, we give characterizations of the boundedness of the multisublinear Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator on both general Banach function spaces and certain specific function spaces. All results do not require any convexity or concavity conditions on Banach function spaces. The main ingredients in the proof are a multilinear version of the Rubio de Francia algorithm, a stopping-time argument, convex analysis, and a compactness criterion on Banach function spaces. As applications of extrapolation theorems, we obtain multilinear extrapolation for the boundedness and compactness of commutators on Banach function spaces. These results can be further applied to specific operators, which cover both the full range case including multilinear Calderón-Zygmund operators, multilinear pseudo-differential operators, and bilinear paraproducts, and the limited range case including the bilinear Hilbert transform, multilinear rough singular integrals, and bilinear oscillatory Fourier multipliers.