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arXiv · math/0406249

Counting congruence subroups

D. Goldfeld·A. Lubotzky·L. Pyber
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Abstract

Let $Γ$ denote the modular group $SL(2,\Bbb Z)$ and $C_n(Γ)$ the number of congruence subgroups of $Γ$ of index at most $n$. We prove that $\lim\limits_{n\to \infty} \frac{\log C_n(Γ)}{(\log n)^2/\log\log n} = \frac{3-2\sqrt{2}}{4}.$ We also present a very general conjecture giving an asymptotic estimate for $C_n(Γ)$ for general arithmetic groups. The lower bound of the conjecture is proved modulo the generalized Riemann hypothesis for Artin-Hecke L-functions, and in many cases is also proved unconditionally.

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D. Goldfeld, A. Lubotzky, L. Pyber. 2004-06-12. Counting congruence subroups. https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0406249

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