arXiv2026
In this article, we study the topology of T-hypersurfaces. These cellular hypersurfaces are generalisations of the cellular complexes used to describe the real loci of varieties obtained via Viro's primitive patchworking method. As such, they have deep ties to real geometry. Renaudineau and Shaw introduced a spectral sequence computing their homology from which they derived upper bounds on their Betti numbers using tropical geometry. Here, we study the first page this spectral sequence and express the action of its boundary operators on a distinguished subspace as cap-products with Mikhalkin-Zharkov waves. Then, we characterise those T-hypersurfaces with a maximal number of connected components with respect to the Renaudineau-Shaw inequality with a combinatorial condition on the building triangulation and a system of combinatorial differential equations on the sign distribution. This extends a theorem of Haas for curves. In addition, we study the growth rate of the expected number of connected components and provide examples of T-hypersurfaces of the projective spaces satisfying these conditions in every degree and dimension.