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Calculation of the energy levels of Ge, Sn, Pb and their ions in the $V^{N-4}$ approximation

V. A. Dzuba
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Abstract

Energy levels of germanium, tin and lead together with their single, double and triple ionized positive ions have been calculated using the $V^{N-M}$ approximation suggested in the previous work (Dzuba, physics/0501032) (M=4 - number of valence electrons). Initial Hartree-Fock calculations are done for the quadruply ionized ions with all valence electrons removed. The core-valence correlations are included beyond the second-order of the many-body perturbation theory. Interaction between valence electrons is treated by means of the configuration interaction technique. It is demonstrated that accurate treatment of the core-valence correlations lead to systematic improvement of the accuracy of calculations for all ions and neutral atoms.

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V. A. Dzuba. 2005-02-19. Calculation of the energy levels of Ge, Sn, Pb and their ions in the $V^{N-4}$ approximation. https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.71.062501

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