Singular-Turbulent Structure Formation in the Universe and the Essence of Dark Matter I. Unified model for dark matter and quintessence

Abstract

Based on superfluid behavior of a (boson) dark matter as the light itself, a unified model for dark matter and quintessence is proposed. Inspired by (O'Dell et al. 2000) which in an exciting study showed that particular configurations of intense off-resonant laser beams (simulate the Bose-Einstein condensate) can give rise to an attractive 1/r interatomic potential, I infer electromagnetic origin of inertia and gravity. Time varying dark components result in time varying electromagnetic fine structure constant (alpha) or the quantities given in its definition (even an invariant alpha would not exclude the possibility that these values might be changing in ratio to one another), in either case variable speed of light (VSL) with dc/dt < 0. According to (Wetterich 2003a) a bound R = delta_alpha(z = 0.13)/delta_alpha(z = 2) < 0.02 strongly favors quintessence with a time varying equation of state w = p/rho, where the value of (1+w) at present is substantially smaller than for z = 2 and equivalently compressibility is increased in the medium and this process has significant influences on the process of structure formation. These models typically require quintessence coupling to a photon which would require large coupling between non-baryonic dark matter and the scalar field therefore consistent with our model, quintessence may couple to both non-baryonic dark matter and radiation. Wetterich (2003b) observe that Omega_quint does not affect the time evolution of the fundamental couplings and alpha depends only on the equation of state w and this fascinating result further support the common essence of light and boson dark matter.