Thermodynamics of a Dust Universe, Energy density, Temperature, Pressure and Entropy for Cosmic Microwave Background

Abstract

This paper continues the building of the cosmological theory that was introduced in two earlier papers under the title A Dust Universe Solution to the Dark Energy Problem. The model introduced in this theory has existence before time zero so that it is not necessary to interpret it as of big-bang origin. The location of the Cosmic Microwave Background, within the theoretical structure gives a closing of the fundamentals of the model in terms of the definitions of Temperature, Entropy and other Thermodynamic aspects. Thus opening up a research tool in cosmology in exact agreement with experiment that can compete with the so-called Standard Big Bang Model as a mathematical-physical description of our universe based rigorously on Einstein's general relativity. It is suggested that the singularity at time zero involves a population inversion in the statistical mechanics sense and so justifies the use of negative temperature for the CMB at negative times. This also has the satisfactory consequence that the Universe's evolution involves entropy steadily increasing over all time from minus infinity through the singularity to plus infinity.An appendix with its own abstract contains an alternative simple classical physics derivation of this model and an extended discussion about how it can be used in the astrophysical context of galactic motions. A cosmological Schroedinger equation of great generality is derived which unites cosmology and the quantum description of cosmological objects