Search arXiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · physics/9901003

The Duality of Nature: Why N Equals 10

Michael Byrne
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Negative solutions are possible for Einstein's Special Relativity equation, as well as Dirac's, Maxwell's, and Schrodinger's equations; and Schrodinger's equation utilizes antitime to calculate quantum probabilities. Also, since no ground state seems to exist for matter, Dirac predicted that negative matter must exist to keep all of matter from disappearing into negative energy states. And Einstein showed that all things are relative except the speed of light. Together, these imply that 4 negative dimensions (Ds) are overlapped by the 4 positive Ds; that positive and negative matters reside in these 2 separate sets of Ds; and that their separateness prevents their mutual annihilation. Light would then exist as an oscillation of the interface between these 2 sets of Ds, with the 2 relative matters varying equally on each side; thus allowing light to remain constant. And since 2 negatives make a positive, the 2 sets would move as one, even though they are opposites. This means that the 2 sets always remain exactly overlapped; and so, the negative Ds remain disguised. Our universe therefore could be a dual universe. Also, 8+2 Ds makes a total of 10 Ds; 4x4=16 interactions, and 10+16 = 26. So our 4 D world could act as a 10/26 D world; which matches the 2 sets within which string theory is self- consistent. And this is why N =10. Also, an initial matter singularity would be balanced by antimatter being infinitely spread out at the opposite end of time; so a dual universe would allow an initial singularity to exist with both a known position and momentum, without violating quantum mechanics. And since a dual universe having two equal sets of Ds and matter would always be exactly balanced; a dual universe would be extremely stable all thorough its existence. And this means that our universe is likely to be a dual universe.

Explore related subjects

physics.gen-ph

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Michael Byrne. 2019-10-23. The Duality of Nature: Why N Equals 10. https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/9901003

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Static Universe: Infinite, Eternal and Self-Sustainable

In this paper, we present a "stellar dynamics" model of an infinite Universe, where matter distribution follows an inverse proportionality squared relationship with respect to the distance from the rotation center of galaxy clusters and superclusters (which share a common rotation center). We assume the Universe has infinite similar centers in terms of structure and dynamic equilibrium. We consider stars in galaxies to be homogeneously distributed with spherical symmetry and average radius, and the same applies to galaxies in the Universe. We study the smoothed potential of this universe and examine the effect of gravity on starlight: by applying the equivalence principle, we derive a mathematical expression for Hubble's law and a formula for its redshift, potentially explaining this phenomenon as a gravitational effect. We also provide an approximate calculation of Cosmic Background Radiation (CBR), assuming this radiation is the light from all the universe's stars reaching us with an extreme redshift caused by gravity.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2026

One-dimensional Coulomb Problem in GUP Formalism

We investigate the one-dimensional Coulomb problem on the positive half-line for a fourth-order Schrödinger equation generated by a commonly used realization of the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP). The problem is treated directly in position space by a higher-order Bethe--Ansatz construction, with the wave function represented as a polynomial multiplied by an exponential factor. The resulting residue conditions yield an analytic quantization condition and explicit polynomial solutions for the first three bound states. We identify the branch that is continuously connected to the ordinary Coulomb problem and show that its energies, decay constants, polynomial factors, and Bethe--Ansatz roots recover the ordinary half-line Coulomb results in the vanishing-deformation limit. On this Coulomb-connected branch, the deformation produces a lower admissibility bound on the principal quantum number, while arbitrarily high quantum numbers remain admissible. We also discuss the physical interpretation of the deformation strength: for ordinary microscopic systems, the weak-GUP regime is the conservative expectation in Planck-scale motivated models, whereas intermediate and strong regimes are primarily theoretical regimes in the present analysis. Since the differential equation is truncated at first order in the GUP parameter, quantitative predictions outside the weak-deformation regime should be interpreted with care.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2026

Could the Fundamental Laws of Nature be Inferred Mathematically from Only Few Axioms?

The answer is "Yes". As it has been shown in the Ref.[1] (22 Sep.2017, see also the comments), useing a new definite mathematical axiomatic-algebraic matrix approach, all the fundamental laws of nature could be derived uniquely (where the axiom of "no zero divisors" of the ring of integers has been generilzed and written in a new definite formulation, then basically assuming that all the physical quantities could only and only take the rational values). Based on this new mathematical approach along with the C, P and T symmetries of the derived field equations, it is concluded that the universe could be realized solely with the (2+1) and (3+1)-dimensional space-times. Moreover it is shown that the (3+1) dimensional cases of the directly determined general covariant field equations (including two definite classes: a two indexes and a four indexes tensor fields), respectively, represent two new massive forms of the bispinor fields of spin-1and spin-2 particles; and the (2+1)-dimensional cases of the drived equations (including: a two indexes and a four indexes tensor fields), represent (asymptotically) two new massive forms of the bispinor fields of spin-3/2 and spin-1/2 particles, respectively. As a particular result, based on the formulation of the derived Electromagnetic Maxwell equations (representing by the bispinor fields of spin-1 particles, including new field equations - corresponding to the YangMills equations - compatible with two specified forms of the gauge symmetry groups), it has been concluded that magnetic monopoles could not exist in the nature to any extend. Furthermore, as the only elementary particles that could be existed in nature, along with the all discovered particles, eight new particles, including four charge-less right-handed spin-1/2 fermions (two leptons and two quarks), and a spin-3/2 fermion, and also three spin-1 massive bosons are also solely predicted.

physics.gen-ph↗