All bipartite entangled states display some hidden nonlocality

Abstract

We show that a violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality can be demonstrated in a certain kind of Bell experiment for all bipartite entangled states. Our protocol allows local filtering measurements and involves shared ancilla states that do not themselves violate CHSH. Our result follows from two main steps. We first provide a simple characterization of the states that violate the CHSH-inequality after local filtering operations in terms of witness-like operators. Second, we prove that for each entangled state $σ$, there exists another state $ρ$ not violating CHSH, such that $ρ\otimesσ$ violates CHSH. Hence, in this scenario, $σ$ cannot be substituted by classical correlations without changing the statistics of the experiment; we say that $σ$ is not simulable by classical correlations and our result is that entanglement is equivalent to non-simulability.