Search arXiv⌕ Search

arXiv subjects

Adam B. Kerr

Publications and source records attributed to Adam B. Kerr.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

Leveraging high-performance head-only gradients to enable ~2-fold higher multiband acceleration in SMS-EPI and SMS-EPTI

High-performance head-only gradient systems can substantially reduce echo spacing (ESP) in echo-planar imaging (EPI), but the resulting encoding speed is typically used to shorten readouts and reduce distortion. Here, we instead leverage the increased echo budget to enable denser k-space sampling and higher simultaneous-multislice (SMS) acceleration in SMS-EPI and SMS-EPTI. Fast k-space traversal with denser ky-kz sampling is achieved using peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS)-optimized gradient waveforms, while high-quality reconstruction is obtained using field-correcting GRAPPA (FCG). The resulting ESPs on MAGNUS 3T and Impulse 7T are approximately half those of high-performance whole-body systems, enabling approximately 2-fold higher multiband (MB) acceleration. This facilitates high-quality 2.5-mm isotropic whole-brain resting-state fMRI at 7T with MB28 and a repetition time (TR) of 123 ms.

eess.SP↗

FESTiVE: Self-calibrated Spatial-temporal Gradient Characterization for Non-cartesian Imaging on High Performance Systems

Gradient imperfections disrupt the encoding benefits of long-readout imaging applications on high-performance systems. Currently, external field monitoring hardware provides the only reliable solution for general spatial-temporal gradient characterization. We present FESTiVE, a data-driven alternative to higher-order field monitoring. FESTiVE leverages parallel imaging to both implicitly model and explicitly recover field imperfections. Using a fast k-t mapping calibration scan, FESTiVE formulates a time-varying GRAPPA problem which maps k-space data corrupted by a time-varying gradient imperfection against a clean reference. This mapping is represented compactly with an implicit neural representation, from which the spatial-temporal fields are recovered in image space using coil sensitivities. In phantom, FESTiVE produces comparable field measurements to a Skope field camera across multiple non-cartesian 2D acquisition strategies and gradient specifications. In vivo, FESTiVE achieves state-of-the-art image quality for a high-performance diffusion spiral protocol on the head-only MAGNUS 3T, where higher-order phase imperfections are significant. At 7T, on the head-only Siemens TerraX system, FESTiVE enables 300μm spiral imaging where conventional field camera-based approaches fall below probe dephasing limits. In conclusion, FESTiVE enables robust high-resolution non-cartesian imaging on high-performance gradients, characterizing gradient imperfections using parallel imaging rather than field monitoring hardware.

eess.SP↗

OPTIKS: Optimized Gradient Properties Through Timing in K-Space

A customizable method (OPTIKS) for designing fast trajectory-constrained gradient waveforms with optimized time domain properties was developed. Given a specified multidimensional k-space trajectory, the method optimizes traversal speed (and therefore timing) with position along the trajectory. OPTIKS facilitates optimization of objectives dependent on the time domain gradient waveform and the arc-length domain k-space speed. OPTIKS is applied to design waveforms which limit peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS), minimize mechanical resonance excitation, and reduce acoustic noise. A variety of trajectory examples are presented including spirals, circular echo-planar-imaging, and rosettes. Design performance is evaluated based on duration, standardized PNS models, field measurements, gradient coil back-EMF measurements, and calibrated acoustic measurements. We show reductions in back-EMF of up to 94% and field oscillations up to 91.1%, acoustic noise decreases of up to 9.22 dB, and with efficient use of PNS models speed increases of up to 11.4%. The design method implementation is made available as an open source Python package through GitHub.

eess.SY↗

A dynamic shim approach for correcting eddy current effects in diffusion-prepared MRI acquisition using a multi-coil AC/DC shim-array

Purpose: We developed a dynamic B0 shimming approach using a 46-channel AC/DC shim array to correct phase errors caused by eddy currents from diffusion-encoding gradients in diffusion-prepared MRI, enabling high b-value imaging without the SNR loss from the use of magnitude stabilizer. Methods: A 46-channel AC/DC shim array and corresponding amplifier system were built. Spin echo prescans with and without diffusion preparation were then used to rapidly measure eddy current induced phase differences. These phase maps were used as targets in an optimization framework to compute compensatory shim currents for multi-shot 3D diffusion-prepared acquisitions. Results: The proposed method allows flexible use of the AC/DC shim array to correct undesirable eddy current effects in diffusion-prepared MRI. Phantom and in vivo experiments demonstrate whole-brain, cardiac-gated, multi-shot 3D diffusion-prepared imaging without the use of magnitude stabilizers. The approach enables preservation of full SNR while achieving reliable diffusion encoding at b-values up to 2000 s/mm2. Conclusions: This work demonstrates a new strategy for applying an AC/DC shim array to compensate for eddy current induced phase errors in diffusion-prepared MRI. By eliminating the need for magnitude stabilizer, it enables efficient high-quality diffusion imaging with full signal sensitivity retained.

physics.med-ph↗

Optimization of Bloch-Siegert B1 Mapping Sequence for Maximum Signal to Noise

Adiabatic Bloch-Siegert B1+ mapping method addresses the long TE and high RF power deposition problems of conventional Bloch-Siegert B1+ mapping by introducing short frequency-swept ABS pulses with maximum sensitivity. Here, it is shown how maximum signal to noise ratio can be achieved in adiabatic Bloch-Siegert B1+ mapping. Signal to noise ratio of B1+ maps is maximized by optimizing the adiabatic pulse parameters such as width, amplitude and shape of the Bloch-Siegert pulse within a specified scan time and under approved SAR guidelines. Equations for optimized Bloch-Siegert pulse parameters are derived, which are dependent on the base pulse sequence used for B1+ mapping as well as tissue properties and transmit coil configuration. It is shown that by this optimization it is more efficient to increase TR rather than using the averaging method to increase signal to noise ratio.

q-bio.QM↗

Multi-coil Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Compressed Sensing Using Physically Motivated Regularization

With the advent of multi-coil imaging and compressed sensing, a number of model based reconstruction algorithms have been created. They incorporate a multitude of different regularization functions based on physics, observed phenomenology, and heuristics. Moreover, several iterative methods exist that attempt to simultaneously estimate the sensitivity maps and the image. In this manuscript, we present a generalization of several existing iterative model based algorithms. We devise a calibrationless instance of this generalization that only incorporates regularization terms based on physics and the accepted compressed sensing phenomenology of sparsity in the wavelet domain. We compare the results of the new amalgamated optimization problem with existing methods on both simulated and real datasets. We show that the images reconstructed using the new method, entitled Multi-coil Compressed Sensing (MCCS), are of higher quality than existing methods in all cases studied.

eess.IV↗

Utilizing the Wavelet Transform's Structure in Compressed Sensing

Compressed sensing has empowered quality image reconstruction with fewer data samples than previously though possible. These techniques rely on a sparsifying linear transformation. The Daubechies wavelet transform is a common sparsifying transformation used for this purpose. In this work, we take advantage of the structure of this wavelet transform and identify an affine transformation that increases the sparsity of the result. After inclusion of this affine transformation, we modify the resulting optimization problem to comply with the form of the Basis Pursuit Denoising problem. Finally, we show theoretically that this yields a lower bound on the error of the reconstruction and present results where solving this modified problem yields images of higher quality for the same sampling patterns.

eess.IV↗

multiMap: A Gradient Spoiled Sequence for Simultaneously Measuring B1+, B0, T1/M0, T2, T2*, and Fat Fraction of a Slice

We propose multiMap, a single scan that can generate several quantitative maps simultaneously. The sequence acquires multiple images in a time-efficient manner, which can be modeled for T_2, T2*, main- and transmit-field inhomogeneity, T_1:equilibrium magnetization, and water and fat content. The sequence is constructed so that cross-dependencies between parameters are isolated. Thus, each parameter can be estimated independently. Estimates of all parameters are shown on bottle phantoms, the brain, and the knee. The results are compared to estimates from established techniques.

eess.IV↗