Energy Transfer and Strong Coupling in Plasmonic Systems
The coupling between plasmon resonances of metal nanostructures and electronic excitations of molecular/semiconductor systems is important in a number of applications, including surface enhanced spectroscopy, hot-electron catalysis, plasmon-induced resonance energy transfer and the creation of hybrid light-matter states. The past several decades has seen a large number of experimental studies of these effects, as well as the development of theory to explain the results. In this Perspectives article we use classical electromagnetic (EM) simulations to examine how the localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) of metal nanoparticles and propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in extended metal nanostructures (wires/plates/films) are affected by interactions with a molecular/semiconductor system. The classical EM simulations are complemented by a quantum model for plasmon-exciton coupling based on the macroscopic quantum electrodynamics (MQED) framework, along with Holstein vibrations. The goals are to show how LSPR spectra and SPP dispersion curves/attenuation constants changes as the strength of the molecular/semiconductor electronic transition increases and the system evolves from an energy transfer limit to strong coupling, and to provide an understanding of the decay processes from both classical EM and MQED perspectives.