Broadband characterization of polarization mode dispersion for quantum communication channels
We present a method for characterizing depolarization in fiber channels carrying broadband polarization-encoded optical signals. Wavelength-dependent polarization mode dispersion (PMD) maps each input polarization to a trajectory on the Poincaré sphere; we show that the singular value decomposition of the band-averaged rotation matrix yields, in closed form, the optimal input states, the associated mutually unbiased measurement bases, and the resulting projection error probabilities. The three singular values provide a compact, bandwidth-dependent channel signature that distinguishes first- from higher-order PMD, and yield the bandwidth at which the worst-case error probability reaches 3% as a practical filtering budget. We characterize twelve deployed fiber links in Masdar City and demonstrate PMD mitigation by concatenating two channels through a single polarization controller, a step towards nonlocal PMD compensation.