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Benoit Grebert

Publications and source records attributed to Benoit Grebert.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2019

Long time behavior of the solutions of NLW on the d-dimensional torus

We consider the non linear wave equation (NLW) on the d-dimensional torus with a smooth nonlinearity of order at least two at the origin. We prove that, for almost any mass, small and smooth solutions of high Sobolev indices are stable up to arbitrary long times with respect to the size of the initial data.To prove this result we use a normal form transformation decomposing the dynamics into low and high frequencies with weak interactions. While the low part of the dynamics can be put under classical Birkhoff normal form, the high modes evolve according to a time dependent linear Hamiltonian system. We then control the global dynamics by using polynomial growth estimates for high modes and the preservation of Sobolev norms for the low modes. Our general strategy applies to any semi-linear Hamiltonian PDEs whose linear frequencies satisfy a very general non resonance condition.The (NLW) equation on a torus is a good example since the standard Birkhoff normal form applies only when d=1 while our strategy applies in any dimension.

math.AP↗
arXiv2018

Rational normal forms and stability of small solutions to nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations

We consider general classes of nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations on the circle with nontrivial cubic part and without external parameters. We construct a new type of normal forms, namely rational normal forms, on open sets surrounding the origin in high Sobolev regularity. With this new tool we prove that, given a large constant $M$ and a sufficiently small parameter $\varepsilon$, for generic initial data of size $\varepsilon$, the flow is conjugated to an integrable flow up to an arbitrary small remainder of order $\varepsilon^{M+1}$. This implies that for such initial data $u(0)$ we control the Sobolev norm of the solution $u(t)$ for time of order $\varepsilon^{-M}$. Furthermore this property is locally stable: if $v(0)$ is sufficiently close to $u(0)$ (of order $\varepsilon^{3/2}$) then the solution $v(t)$ is also controled for time of order $\varepsilon^{-M}$.

math.AP↗
arXiv2016

A Kam Theorem for Space-Multidimensional Hamiltonian PDE

We present an abstract KAM theorem, adapted to space-multidimensional hamiltonian PDEs with smoothing non-linearities. The main novelties of this theorem are that: $\bullet$ the integrable part of the hamiltonian may contain a hyperbolic part and as a consequence the constructed invariant tori may be unstable. $\bullet$ It applies to singular perturbation problem. In this paper we state the KAM-theorem and comment on it, give the main ingredients of the proof, and present three applications of the theorem .

math.AP↗
arXiv2014

KAM for the nonlinear beam equation 1: small-amplitude solutions

In this paper we prove a KAM result for the non linear beam equation on the d-dimensional torus $$u_{tt}+\Delta^2 u+m u + g(x,u)=0\ ,\quad t\in { \mathbb{R}} , \; x\in {\mathbb T}^d, \qquad \qquad (*) $$ where $g(x,u)=4u^3+ O(u^4)$. Namely, we show that, for generic $m$, most of the small amplitude invariant finite dimensional tori of the linear equation $(*)_{g=0}$, written as the system $$ u_t=-v,\quad v_t=\Delta^2 u+mu, $$, persist as invariant tori of the nonlinear equation $(*)$, re-written similarly. If $d\ge2$, then not all the persisted tori are linearly stable, and we construct explicit examples of partially hyperbolic invariant tori. The unstable invariant tori, situated in the vicinity of the origin, create around them some local instabilities, in agreement with the popular belief in nonlinear physics that small-amplitude solutions of space-multidimensonal hamiltonian PDEs behave in a chaotic way. The proof uses an abstract KAM theorem from another our publication.

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arXiv2012

Existence and stability of solitons for fully discrete approximations of the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation

In this paper we study the long time behavior of a discrete approximation in time and space of the cubic nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation on the real line. More precisely, we consider a symplectic time splitting integrator applied to a discrete nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation with additional Dirichlet boundary conditions on a large interval. We give conditions ensuring the existence of a numerical soliton which is close in energy norm to the continuous soliton. Such result is valid under a CFL condition between the time and space stepsizes. Furthermore we prove that if the initial datum is symmetric and close to the continuous soliton, then the associated numerical solution remains close to the orbit of the continuous soliton for very long times.

math.NA↗
arXiv2010

On the energy exchange between resonant modes in nonlinear Schrödinger equations

We consider the nonlinear Schrödinger equation $$ iψ_t= -ψ_{xx}\pm 2\cos 2x \ |ψ|^2ψ,\quad x\in S^1,\ t\in \R$$ and we prove that the solution of this equation, with small initial datum $ψ_0=\e (\cos x+\sin x)$, will periodically exchange energy between the Fourier modes $e^{ix}$ and $e^{-ix}$. This beating effect is described up to time of order $\e^{-9/4}$ while the frequency is of order $\e^2$. We also discuss some generalizations.

math.DS↗
arXiv2010

A Nekhoroshev type theorem for the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation on the d-dimensional torus.

We prove a Nekhoroshev type theorem for the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation $$ iu_t=-\Delta u+V\star u+\partial_{\bar u}g(u,\bar u)\, \quad x\in \T^d, $$ where $V$ is a typical smooth potential and $g$ is analytic in both variables. More precisely we prove that if the initial datum is analytic in a strip of width $\rho>0$ with a bound on this strip equals to $\eps$ then, if $\eps$ is small enough, the solution of the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation above remains analytic in a strip of width $\rho/2$ and bounded on this strip by $C\eps$ during very long time of order $ \eps^{-\alpha|\ln \eps|^\beta}$ for some constants $C> 0$, $\alpha>0$ and $\beta<1$.

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arXiv2009

Hamiltonian interpolation of splitting approximations for nonlinear PDEs

We consider a wide class of semi linear Hamiltonian partial differential equa- tions and their approximation by time splitting methods. We assume that the nonlinearity is polynomial, and that the numerical tra jectory remains at least uni- formly integrable with respect to an eigenbasis of the linear operator (typically the Fourier basis). We show the existence of a modified interpolated Hamiltonian equation whose exact solution coincides with the discrete flow at each time step over a long time depending on a non resonance condition satisfied by the stepsize. We introduce a class of modified splitting schemes fulfilling this condition at a high order and prove for them that the numerical flow and the continuous flow remain close over exponentially long time with respect to the step size. For stan- dard splitting or implicit-explicit scheme, such a backward error analysis result holds true on a time depending on a cut-off condition in the high frequencies (CFL condition). This analysis is valid in the case where the linear operator has a discrete (bounded domain) or continuous (the whole space) spectrum.

math.NA↗
arXiv2009

Quasi invariant modified Sobolev norms for semi linear reversible PDEs

We consider a general class of infinite dimensional reversible differential systems. Assuming a non resonance condition on the linear frequencies, we construct for such systems almost invariant pseudo norms that are closed to Sobolev-like norms. This allows us to prove that if the Sobolev norm of index $s$ of the initial data $z_0$ is sufficiently small (of order $\epsilon$) then the Sobolev norm of the solution is bounded by $2\epsilon$ during very long time (of order $\epsilon^{-r}$ with $r$ arbitrary). It turns out that this theorem applies to a large class of reversible semi linear PDEs including the non linear Schr\"odinger equation on the d-dimensional torus. We also apply our method to a system of coupled NLS equations which is reversible but not Hamiltonian. We also notice that for the same class of reversible systems we can prove a Birkhoff normal form theorem that in turn implies the same bounds on the Sobolev norms. Nevertheless the technics that we use to prove the existence of quasi invariant pseudo norms is much more simple and direct.

math-ph↗
arXiv2009

Resonances in long time integration of semi linear Hamiltonian PDEs

We consider a class of Hamiltonian PDEs that can be split into a linear unbounded operator and a regular non linear part, and we analyze their numerical discretizations by symplectic methods when the initial value is small in Sobolev norms. The goal of this work is twofold: First we show how standard approximation methods cannot in general avoid resonances issues, and we give numerical examples of pathological behavior for the midpoint rule and implicit-explicit integrators. Such phenomena can be avoided by suitable truncations of the linear unbounded operator combined with classical splitting methods. We then give a sharp bound for the cut-off depending on the time step. Using a new normal form result, we show the long time preservation of the actions for such schemes for all values of the time step, provided the initial continuous system does not exhibit resonant frequencies.

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arXiv2008

On the Infrared Problem for the Dressed Non-Relativistic Electron in a Magnetic Field

We consider a non-relativistic electron interacting with a classical magnetic field pointing along the $x_3$-axis and with a quantized electromagnetic field. The system is translation invariant in the $x_3$-direction and we consider the reduced Hamiltonian $H(P_3)$ associated with the total momentum $P_3$ along the $x_3$-axis. For a fixed momentum $P_3$ sufficiently small, we prove that $H(P_3)$ has a ground state in the Fock representation if and only if $E'(P_3)=0$, where $P_3 \mapsto E'(P_3)$ is the derivative of the map $P_3 \mapsto E(P_3) = \inf σ(H(P_3))$. If $E'(P_3) \neq 0$, we obtain the existence of a ground state in a non-Fock representation. This result holds for sufficiently small values of the coupling constant.

math-ph↗
arXiv2008

Birkhoff normal form and splitting methods for semi linear Hamiltonian PDEs. Part I: Finite dimensional discretization

We consider {\em discretized} Hamiltonian PDEs associated with a Hamiltonian function that can be split into a linear unbounded operator and a regular nonlinear part. We consider splitting methods associated with this decomposition. Using a finite dimensional Birkhoff normal form result, we show the almost preservation of the {\em actions} of the numerical solution associated with the splitting method over arbitrary long time, provided the Sobolev norms of the initial data is small enough, and for asymptotically large level of space approximation. This result holds under {\em generic} non resonance conditions on the frequencies of the linear operator and on the step size. We apply this results to nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations as well as the nonlinear wave equation.}

math.NA↗
arXiv2008

Birkhoff normal form and splitting methods for semi linear Hamiltonian PDEs. Part II: Abstract splitting

We consider Hamiltonian PDEs that can be split into a linear unbounded operator and a regular non linear part. We consider abstract splitting methods associated with this decomposition where no discretization in space is made. We prove a normal form result for the corresponding discrete flow under generic non resonance conditions on the frequencies of the linear operator and on the step size. This result implies the conservation of the regularity of the numerical solution associated with the splitting method over arbitrary long time, provided the initial data is small enough. This result holds for numerical schemes controlling the round-off error at each step to avoid possible high frequency energy drift. We apply this results to nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations as well as the nonlinear wave equation.}

math.NA↗
arXiv2008

Normal Forms for Semilinear Quantum Harmonic Oscillators

We consider the semilinear harmonic oscillator $$i\psi_t=(-\Delta +\va{x}^{2} +M)\psi +\partial_2 g(\psi,\bar \psi), \quad x\in \R^d, t\in \R$$ where $M$ is a Hermite multiplier and $g$ a smooth function globally of order 3 at least. We prove that such a Hamiltonian equation admits, in a neighborhood of the origin, a Birkhoff normal form at any order and that, under generic conditions on $M$ related to the non resonance of the linear part, this normal form is integrable when $d=1$ and gives rise to simple (in particular bounded) dynamics when $d\geq 2$. As a consequence we prove the almost global existence for solutions of the above equation with small Cauchy data. Furthermore we control the high Sobolev norms of these solutions.

math.AP↗
arXiv2006

A mathematical model for the Fermi weak interactions

We consider a mathematical model of the Fermi theory of weak interactions as patterned according to the well-known current-current coupling of quantum electrodynamics. We focuss on the example of the decay of the muons into electrons, positrons and neutrinos but other examples are considered in the same way. We prove that the Hamiltonian describing this model has a ground state in the fermionic Fock space for a sufficiently small coupling constant. Furthermore we determine the absolutely continuous spectrum of the Hamiltonian and by commutator estimates we prove that the spectrum is absolutely continuous away from a small neighborhood of the thresholds of the free Hamiltonian. For all these results we do not use any infrared cutoff or infrared regularization even if fermions with zero mass are involved.

math-ph↗
arXiv2006

Birkhoff Normal Form and Hamiltonian PDEs

These notes are based on lectures held at the Lanzhou university (China) during a CIMPA summer school in july 2004 but benefit from recent devellopements. Our aim is to explain some perturbations technics that allow to study the long time behaviour of the solutions of Hamiltonian perturbations of integrable systems. We are in particular interested with stability results. Our approach is centered on the Birkhoff normal form theorem that we first proved in finite dimension. Then, after giving some exemples of Hamiltonian PDEs, we present an abstract Birkhoff normal form theorem in infinite dimension and discuss the dynamical consequences for Hamiltonian PDEs.

math.AP↗
arXiv2005

Almost global existence for Hamiltonian semi-linear Klein-Gordon equations with small Cauchy data on Zoll manifolds

This paper is devoted to the proof of almost global existence results for Klein-Gordon equations on Zoll manifolds (e.g. spheres of arbitrary dimension) with Hamiltonian nonlinearities, when the Cauchy data are smooth and small. The proof relies on Birkhoff normal form methods and on the specific distribution of eigenvalues of the laplacian perturbed by a potential on Zoll manifolds.

math.DS↗