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CMS Collaboration

Publications and source records attributed to CMS Collaboration.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources

arXiv2020

A search for bottom-type, vector-like quark pair production in a fully hadronic final state in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV

A search is described for the production of a pair of bottom-type vector-like quarks (VLQs), each decaying into a b or $\mathrm{\bar{b}}$ quark and either a Higgs or a Z boson, with a mass greater than 1000 GeV. The analysis is based on data from proton-proton collisions at a 13 TeV center-of-mass energy recorded at the CERN LHC, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 137 fb$^{-1}$. As the predominant decay modes of the Higgs and Z bosons are to a pair of quarks, the analysis focuses on final states consisting of jets resulting from the six quarks produced in the events. Since the two jets produced in the decay of a highly Lorentz-boosted Higgs or Z boson can merge to form a single jet, nine independent analyses are performed, categorized by the number of observed jets and the reconstructed event mode. No signal in excess of the expected background is observed. Lower limits are set on the VLQ mass at 95% confidence level equal to 1570 GeV in the case where the VLQ decays exclusively to a b quark and a Higgs boson, 1390 GeV for when it decays exclusively to a b quark and a Z boson, and 1450 GeV for when it decays equally in these two modes. These limits represent significant improvements over the previously published VLQ limits.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2020

Observation of electroweak production of W$γ$ with two jets in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV

A first observation is presented for the electroweak production of a W boson, a photon, and two jets in proton-proton collisions. The W boson decays are selected by requiring one identified electron or muon and an imbalance in transverse momentum. The two jets are required to have a high dijet mass and a large separation in pseudorapidity. The measurement is based on data collected with the CMS detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The observed (expected) significance for this process is 4.9 (4.6) standard deviations. After combining with previously reported CMS results at 8 TeV, the observed (expected) significance is 5.3 (4.8) standard deviations. The cross section for the electroweak W$γ$jj production in a restricted fiducial region is measured as 20.4 $\pm$ 4.5 fb and the total cross section for W$γ$ production in association with 2 jets in the same fiducial region is 108 $\pm$ 16 fb. All results are in good agreement with recent theoretical predictions. Constraints are placed on anomalous quartic gauge couplings in terms of dimension-8 effective field theory operators.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2020

Measurements of the W boson rapidity, helicity, double-differential cross sections, and charge asymmetry in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV

The differential cross section and charge asymmetry for inclusive W boson production at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV is measured for the two transverse polarization states as a function of the W boson absolute rapidity. The measurement uses events in which a W boson decays to a neutrino and either a muon or an electron. The data sample of proton-proton collisions recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2016 corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The differential cross section and its value normalized to the total inclusive W boson production cross section are measured over the rapidity range $|y_\mathrm{W}|$ $\lt$ 2.5. In addition to the total fiducial cross section, the W boson double-differential cross section, d$^2σ$/d$p^\ell_\mathrm{T}$d$|η|$ and the charge asymmetry are measured as functions of the charged lepton transverse momentum and pseudorapidity. The precision of these measurements is used to constrain the parton distribution functions of the proton using the next-to-leading order NNPDF3.0 set.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2020

Measurement of the top quark Yukawa coupling from $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$ kinematic distributions in the dilepton final state in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV

A measurement of the Higgs boson Yukawa coupling to the top quark is presented using proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb$^{-1}$, recorded with the CMS detector. The coupling strength with respect to the standard model value, $Y_\mathrm{t}$, is determined from kinematic distributions in $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$ final states containing ee, $μμ$, or e$μ$ pairs. Variations of the Yukawa coupling strength lead to modified distributions for $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$ production. In particular, the distributions of the mass of the $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$ system and the rapidity difference of the top quark and antiquark are sensitive to the value of $Y_\mathrm{t}$. The measurement yields a best fit value of $Y_\mathrm{t} =$ 1.16 $^{+0.24}_{-0.35}$, bounding $Y_\mathrm{t}$ $\lt$ 1.54 at a 95% confidence level.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2020

Evidence for top quark production in nucleus-nucleus collisions

Ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions recreate in the laboratory the thermodynamical conditions prevailing in the early universe up to 10$^{-6}$ seconds, thereby allowing the study of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a state of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) matter with deconfined partons. The top quark, the heaviest elementary particle known, is accessible in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the CERN LHC, and constitutes a novel probe of the QGP. Here, we report the first-ever evidence for the production of top quarks in nucleus-nucleus collisions, using lead-lead collision data at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment. Two methods are used to measure the cross section for top quark pair production ($σ_\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$) via the decay into charged leptons (electrons or muons) and bottom quarks. One method relies on the leptonic information alone, and the second one exploits, in addition, the presence of bottom quarks. The measured cross sections, $σ_\mathrm{t\bar{t}} = $ 2.54 $^{+0.84}_{-0.74}$ and 2.03 $^{+0.71}_{-0.64}$ $μ$b, respectively, are compatible with expectations from scaled proton-proton data and QCD predictions.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2020

Measurement of B$_\mathrm{c}$(2S)$^+$ and B$_\mathrm{c}^*$(2S)$^+$ cross section ratios in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV

The ratios of the B$_\mathrm{c}$(2S)$^+$ to B$_\mathrm{c}^+$, B$_\mathrm{c}^*$(2S)$^+$ to B$_\mathrm{c}^+$, and B$_\mathrm{c}^*$(2S)$^+$ to B$_\mathrm{c}$(2S)$^+$ production cross sections are measured in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV, using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 143 fb$^{-1}$. The three measurements are made in the B$_\mathrm{c}^+$ meson phase space region defined by the transverse momentum $p_\mathrm{T}$ $\gt$ 15 GeV and absolute rapidity $|y|$ $\lt$ 2.4, with the excited B$_\mathrm{c}^{(*)}$(2S)$^+$ states reconstructed through the B$_\mathrm{c}^{(*)+} π^+π^-$, followed by the B$_\mathrm{c}^+$ $\to$ J/$ψπ^+$ and J/$ψ$ $\to$ $μ^+μ^-$ decays. The B$_\mathrm{c}$(2S)$^+$ to B$_\mathrm{c}^+$, B$_\mathrm{c}^*$(2S)$^+$ to B$_\mathrm{c}^+$, and B$_\mathrm{c}^*$(2S)$^+$ to B$_\mathrm{c}$(2S)$^+$ cross section ratios, including the unknown B$_\mathrm{c}^{(*)}$(2S)$^+$ $\to$ B$_\mathrm{c}^{(*)+}π^+π^-$ branching fractions, are (3.47 $\pm$ 0.63 (stat) $\pm$ 0.33 (syst))%, (4.69 $\pm$ 0.71 (stat) $\pm$ 0.56 (syst))%, and 1.35 $\pm$ 0.32 (stat) $\pm$ 0.09 (syst), respectively. None of these ratios shows a significant dependence on the $p_\mathrm{T}$ or $|y|$ of the B$_\mathrm{c}$ meson. The normalized dipion invariant mass distributions from the decays B$_\mathrm{c}^{(*)}$(2S)$^+$ $\to$ B$_\mathrm{c}^{(*)}$$^+ π^+π^-$ are also reported.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2020

Search for decays of the 125 GeV Higgs boson into a Z boson and a $ρ$ or $ϕ$ meson

Decays of the 125 GeV Higgs boson into a Z boson and a $ρ^0$(770) or $ϕ$(1020) meson are searched for using proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV. The analysed data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb$^{-1}$. Events are selected in which the Z boson decays into a pair of electrons or a pair of muons, and the $ρ$ and $ϕ$ mesons decay into pairs of pions and kaons, respectively. No significant excess above the background model is observed. As different polarization states are possible for the decay products of the Z boson and $ρ$ or $ϕ$ mesons, affecting the signal acceptance, scenarios in which the decays are longitudinally or transversely polarized are considered. Upper limits at the 95% confidence level on the Higgs boson branching fractions into Z$ρ$ and Z$ϕ$ are determined to be 1.04-1.31% and 0.31-0.40%, respectively, where the ranges reflect the considered polarization scenarios; these values are 740-940 and 730-950 times larger than the respective standard model expectations. These results constitute the first experimental limits on the two decay channels.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2020

Investigation into the event-activity dependence of $Υ$(nS) relative production in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 7 TeV

The ratios of the production cross sections between the excited $Υ$(2S) and $Υ$(3S) mesons and the $Υ$(1S) ground state, detected via their decay into two muons, are studied as a function of the number of charged particles in the event. The data are from proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 7 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.8 fb$^{-1}$, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. Evidence of a decrease in these ratios as a function of the particle multiplicity is observed, more pronounced at low transverse momentum $p_\mathrm{T}^{μμ}$. For $Υ$(nS) mesons with $p_\mathrm{T}^{μμ}$ $\gt$ 7 GeV, where most of the data were collected, the correlation with multiplicity is studied as a function of the underlying event transverse sphericity and the number of particles in a cone around the $Υ$(nS) direction. The ratios are found to be multiplicity independent for jet-like events. The mean $p_\mathrm{T}^{μμ}$ values for the $Υ$(nS) states as a function of particle multiplicity are also measured and found to grow more steeply as their mass increases.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2020

W$^+$W$^-$ boson pair production in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV

A measurement of the W$^+$W$^-$ boson pair production cross section in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV is presented. The data used in this study are collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The W$^+$W$^-$ candidate events are selected by requiring two oppositely charged leptons (electrons or muons). Two methods for reducing background contributions are employed. In the first one, a sequence of requirements on kinematic quantities is applied allowing a measurement of the total production cross section: 117.6 $\pm$ 6.8 pb, which agrees well with the theoretical prediction. Fiducial cross sections are also reported for events with zero or one jet, and the change in the zero-jet fiducial cross section with the jet transverse momentum threshold is measured. Normalized differential cross sections are reported within the fiducial region. A second method for suppressing background contributions employs two random forest classifiers. The analysis based on this method includes a measurement of the total production cross section and also a measurement of the normalized jet multiplicity distribution in W$^+$W$^-$ events. Finally, a dilepton invariant mass distribution is used to probe for physics beyond the standard model in the context of an effective field theory, and constraints on the presence of dimension-6 operators are derived.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2020

A deep neural network for simultaneous estimation of b jet energy and resolution

We describe a method to obtain point and dispersion estimates for the energies of jets arising from b quarks produced in proton-proton collisions at an energy of $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV at the CERN LHC. The algorithm is trained on a large simulated sample of b jets and validated on data recorded by the CMS detector in 2017 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 41 fb$^{-1}$. A multivariate regression algorithm based on a deep feed-forward neural network employs jet composition and shape information, and the properties of reconstructed secondary vertices associated with the jet. The results of the algorithm are used to improve the sensitivity of analyses that make use of b jets in the final state, such as the observation of Higgs boson decay to $\mathrm{b\bar{b}}$.

physics.data-an↗

arXiv2020

Performance of the CMS Level-1 trigger in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV

At the start of Run 2 in 2015, the LHC delivered proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. During Run 2 (years 2015-2018) the LHC eventually reached a luminosity of 2.1 $\times$ 10$^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, almost three times that reached during Run 1 (2009-2013) and a factor of two larger than the LHC design value, leading to events with up to a mean of about 50 simultaneous inelastic proton-proton collisions per bunch crossing (pileup). The CMS Level-1 trigger was upgraded prior to 2016 to improve the selection of physics events in the challenging conditions posed by the second run of the LHC. This paper describes the performance of the CMS Level-1 trigger upgrade during the data taking period of 2016-2018. The upgraded trigger implements pattern recognition and boosted decision tree regression techniques for muon reconstruction, includes pileup subtraction for jets and energy sums, and incorporates pileup-dependent isolation requirements for electrons and tau leptons. In addition, the new trigger calculates high-level quantities such as the invariant mass of pairs of reconstructed particles. The upgrade reduces the trigger rate from background processes and improves the trigger efficiency for a wide variety of physics signals.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2020

A deep neural network to search for new long-lived particles decaying to jets

A tagging algorithm to identify jets that are significantly displaced from the proton-proton (pp) collision region in the CMS detector at the LHC is presented. Displaced jets can arise from the decays of long-lived particles (LLPs), which are predicted by several theoretical extensions of the standard model. The tagger is a multiclass classifier based on a deep neural network, which is parameterised according to the proper decay length $\mathrm{c}τ_0$ of the LLP. A novel scheme is defined to reliably label jets from LLP decays for supervised learning. Samples of pp collision data, recorded by the CMS detector at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, and simulated events are used to train the neural network. Domain adaptation by backward propagation is performed to improve the simulation modelling of the jet class probability distributions observed in pp collision data. The potential performance of the tagger is demonstrated with a search for long-lived gluinos, a manifestation of split supersymmetric models. The tagger provides a rejection factor of 10 000 for jets from standard model processes, while maintaining an LLP jet tagging efficiency of 30-80% for gluinos with 1 mm $\leq$ $cτ_0$ $\leq$ 10 m. The expected coverage of the parameter space for split supersymmetry is presented.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2020

Observation of the production of three massive gauge bosons at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV

The first observation is reported of the combined production of three massive gauge bosons (VVV with V = W,Z) in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The analysis is based on a data sample recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb$^{-1}$. The searches for individual WWW, WWZ, WZZ, and ZZZ production are performed in final states with three, four, five, and six leptons (electrons or muons), or with two same-sign leptons plus one or two jets. The observed (expected) significance of the combined VVV production signal is 5.7 (5.9) standard deviations and the corresponding measured cross section relative to the standard model prediction is 1.02 $^{+0.26}_{-0.23}$. The significances of the individual WWW and WWZ production are 3.3 and 3.4 standard deviations, respectively. Measured production cross sections for the individual triboson processes are also reported.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2020

Observation of the B$^0_\mathrm{s}$ $\to$ X(3872)$ϕ$ decay

Using a data sample of proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb$^{-1}$ collected by the CMS experiment in 2016-2018, the B$^0_\mathrm{s}$ $\to$ X(3872)$ϕ$ decay is observed. Decays into J/$ψ\,π^+π^-$ and K$^+$K$^-$ are used to reconstruct, respectively, the X(3872) and $ϕ$. The ratio of the product of branching fractions $\mathcal{B}($B$^0_\mathrm{s}$ $\to$ X(3872)$ϕ)\,\mathcal{B}($X(3872) $\to$ J$/ψ\,π^+π^-)$ to the product $\mathcal{B}($B$^0_\mathrm{s}$ $\to$ $ψ$(2S)$ϕ)\,\mathcal{B}(ψ$(2S) $\to$ J/$ψ\,π^+π^-)$ is measured to be (2.21 $\pm$ 0.29 (stat) $\pm$ 0.17 (syst))%. The ratio $\mathcal{B}($B$^0_\mathrm{s}$ $\to$ X(3872)$ϕ) / \mathcal{B}($B$^{0}$ $\to$ X(3872)K$^0)$ is found to be consistent with one, while the ratio $\mathcal{B}($B$^0_\mathrm{s}$ $\to$ X(3872)$ϕ) / \mathcal{B}($B$^+$ $\to$ X(3872)K$^+)$ is two times smaller. This suggests a difference in the production dynamics of the X(3872) in B$^0$ and B$^0_\mathrm{s}$ meson decays compared to B$^+$. The reported observation may shed new light on the nature of the X(3872) particle.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2020

Search for a light charged Higgs boson in the H$^\pm$ $\to $ cs channel in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV

A search is conducted for a low-mass charged Higgs boson produced in a top quark decay and subsequently decaying into a charm and a strange quark. The data sample was recorded in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV by the CMS experiment at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The search is performed in the process of top quark pair production, where one top quark decays to a bottom quark and a charged Higgs boson, and the other to a bottom quark and a W boson. With the W boson decaying to a charged lepton (electron or muon) and a neutrino, the final state comprises an isolated lepton, missing transverse momentum, and at least four jets, of which two are tagged as b jets. To enhance the search sensitivity, one of the jets originating from the charged Higgs boson is required to satisfy a charm tagging selection. No significant excess beyond standard model predictions is found in the dijet invariant mass distribution. An upper limit in the range 1.68-0.25% is set on the branching fraction of the top quark decay to the charged Higgs boson and bottom quark for a charged Higgs boson mass between 80 and 160 GeV.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2020

Measurement of $\mathrm{t\bar t}$ normalised multi-differential cross sections in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} =13$ TeV, and simultaneous determination of the strong coupling strength, top quark pole mass, and parton distribution functions

Normalised multi-differential cross sections for top quark pair ($\mathrm{t\overline{t}}$) production are measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV using events containing two oppositely charged leptons. The analysed data were recorded with the CMS detector in 2016 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The double-differential $\mathrm{t\overline{t}}$ cross section is measured as a function of the kinematic properties of the top quark and of the $\mathrm{t\overline{t}}$ system at parton level in the full phase space. A triple-differential measurement is performed as a function of the invariant mass and rapidity of the $\mathrm{t\overline{t}}$ system and the multiplicity of additional jets at particle level. The data are compared to predictions of Monte Carlo event generators that complement next-to-leading-order (NLO) quantum chromodynamics (QCD) calculations with parton showers. Together with a fixed-order NLO QCD calculation, the triple-differential measurement is used to extract values of the strong coupling strength $α_S$ and the top quark pole mass ($m_\mathrm{T}^\text{pole}$) using several sets of parton distribution functions (PDFs). Furthermore, a simultaneous fit of the PDFs, $α_S$, and $m_\mathrm{T}^\text{pole}$ is performed at NLO, demonstrating that the new data have significant impact on the gluon PDF, and at the same time allow an accurate determination of $α_S$ and $m_\mathrm{T}^\text{pole}$. The values $α_S(m_\mathrm{Z})$ = 0.1135 $^{+0.0021}_{-0.0017}$ and $m_\mathrm{T}^\text{pole}$ = 170.5 $\pm$ 0.8 GeV are extracted, which account for experimental and theoretical uncertainties, the latter being estimated from NLO scale variations. Possible effects from Coulomb and soft-gluon resummation near the $\mathrm{t\overline{t}}$ production threshold are neglected in these parameter extractions.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2020

Reconstruction of signal amplitudes in the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter in the presence of overlapping proton-proton interactions

A template fitting technique for reconstructing the amplitude of signals produced by the lead tungstate crystals of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter is described. This novel approach is designed to suppress the increased out-of-time pileup contribution to the signal following the reduction of the accelerator bunch spacing from 50 to 25 ns at the start of Run 2 of the LHC. Execution of the algorithm is sufficiently fast for it to be employed in the CMS high-level trigger. It is also used in the offline event reconstruction. Results obtained from simulations and from Run 2 collision data (2015-2018) demonstrate a substantial improvement in the energy resolution of the calorimeter over a range of energies extending from a few GeV to several tens of GeV.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2020

Search for supersymmetry in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV in events with high-momentum Z bosons and missing transverse momentum

A search for new physics in events with two highly Lorentz-boosted Z bosons and large missing transverse momentum is presented. The analyzed proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb$^{-1}$, were recorded at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. The search utilizes the substructure of jets with large radius to identify quark pairs from Z boson decays. Backgrounds from standard model processes are suppressed by requirements on the jet mass and the missing transverse momentum. No significant excess in the event yield is observed beyond the number of background events expected from the standard model. For a simplified supersymmetric model in which the Z bosons arise from the decay of gluinos, an exclusion limit of 1920 GeV on the gluino mass is set at 95% confidence level. This is the first search for beyond-standard-model production of pairs of boosted Z bosons plus large missing transverse momentum.

hep-ex↗