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CMS Collaboration

Publications and source records attributed to CMS Collaboration.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources

arXiv2020

Measurement of the cross section for electroweak production of a Z boson, a photon and two jets in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV and constraints on anomalous quartic couplings

A measurement is presented of the cross section for electroweak production of a Z boson and a photon in association with two jets (Z$γ$jj) in proton-proton collisions. The Z boson candidates are selected through their decay into a pair of electrons or muons. The process of interest, electroweak Z$γ$jj production, is isolated by selecting events with a large dijet mass and a large pseudorapidity gap between the two jets. The measurement is based on data collected at the CMS experiment at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The observed significance of the signal is 3.9 standard deviations, where a significance of 5.2 standard deviations is expected in the standard model. These results are combined with published results by CMS at $\sqrt{s} =$ 8 TeV, which leads to observed and expected respective significances of 4.7 and 5.5 standard deviations. From the 13 TeV data, a value is obtained for the signal strength of electroweak Z$γ$jj production and bounds are given on quartic vector boson interactions in the framework of dimension-eight effective field theory operators.

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arXiv2020

Measurements with silicon photomultipliers of dose-rate effects in the radiation damage of plastic scintillator tiles in the CMS hadron endcap calorimeter

Measurements are presented of the reduction of signal output due to radiation damage for plastic scintillator tiles used in the hadron endcap (HE) calorimeter of the CMS detector. The tiles were exposed to particles produced in proton-proton (pp) collisions at the CERN LHC with a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to a delivered luminosity of 50 fb$^{-1}$. The measurements are based on readout channels of the HE that were instrumented with silicon photomultipliers, and are derived using data from several sources: a laser calibration system, a movable radioactive source, as well as hadrons and muons produced in pp collisions. Results from several irradiation campaigns using $^{60}$Co sources are also discussed. The damage is presented as a function of dose rate. Within the range of these measurements, for a fixed dose the damage increases with decreasing dose rate.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2020

Search for disappearing tracks in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV

A search is presented for long-lived charged particles that decay within the volume of the silicon tracker of the CMS experiment. Such particles can produce events with an isolated track that is missing hits in the outermost layers of the silicon tracker, and is also associated with little energy deposited in the calorimeters and no hits in the muon detectors. The search for events with this "disappearing track" signature is performed in a sample of proton-proton collisions recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC with a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb$^{-1}$ recorded in 2017 and 2018. The observation of 48 events is consistent with the estimated background of 47.8 $_{-2.3}^{+2.7}$ (stat) $\pm$ 8.1 (syst) events. Upper limits are set on chargino production in the context of an anomaly-mediated supersymmetry breaking model for purely wino and higgsino neutralino scenarios. At 95% confidence level, the first constraint is placed on chargino masses in the higgsino case, excluding below 750 (175) GeV for a lifetime of 3 (0.05) ns. In the wino case, the results of this search are combined with a previous CMS search to produce a result representing the complete LHC data set recorded in 2015-2018, the most stringent constraints to date. At 95% confidence level, chargino masses in the wino case are excluded below 884 (474) GeV for a lifetime of 3 (0.2) ns.

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arXiv2020

Determination of the strong coupling constant $α_{S}(m_\mathrm{Z})$ from measurements of inclusive W$^\pm$ and Z boson production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 7 and 8 TeV

Twelve measurements of inclusive cross sections of W$^\pm$ and Z boson production, performed in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, are compared with perturbative quantum chromodynamics calculations at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) accuracy obtained with the CT14, HERAPDF2.0, MMHT14, and NNPDF3.0 parton distribution functions (PDFs). Data and theory agree well for all PDF sets, taking into account the experimental and theoretical uncertainties. A novel procedure is employed to extract the strong coupling constant at the Z pole mass from a detailed comparison of all the experimental fiducial cross sections to the corresponding NNLO theoretical predictions, yielding $α_{S}(m_\mathrm{Z}) =$ 0.1163 $^{+0.0024}_{-0.0031}$ (CT14), 0.1072 $^{+0.0043}_{-0.0040}$ (HERAPDF2.0), 0.1186 $\pm$ 0.0025 (MMHT14), and 0.1147 $\pm$ 0.0023 (NNPDF3.0). Using the results obtained with the CT14 and MMHT14 PDFs, which yield the most robust and stable $α_{S}(m_\mathrm{Z})$ extractions, a value $α_{S}(m_\mathrm{Z}) =$ 0.1175 $^{+0.0025}_{-0.0028}$ is determined.

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arXiv2020

Identification of heavy, energetic, hadronically decaying particles using machine-learning techniques

Machine-learning (ML) techniques are explored to identify and classify hadronic decays of highly Lorentz-boosted W/Z/Higgs bosons and top quarks. Techniques without ML have also been evaluated and are included for comparison. The identification performances of a variety of algorithms are characterized in simulated events and directly compared with data. The algorithms are validated using proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. Systematic uncertainties are assessed by comparing the results obtained using simulation and collision data. The new techniques studied in this paper provide significant performance improvements over non-ML techniques, reducing the background rate by up to an order of magnitude at the same signal efficiency.

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arXiv2020

Measurement of the jet mass distribution and top quark mass in hadronic decays of boosted top quarks in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV

A measurement is reported of the jet mass distribution in hadronic decays of boosted top quarks produced in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The measurement is performed in the lepton+jets channel of $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$ events, where the lepton is an electron or muon. The products of the hadronic top quark decay t $\to$ bW $\to$ bq$\mathrm{\bar{q}}'$ are reconstructed as a single jet with transverse momentum larger than 400 GeV. The $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$ cross section as a function of the jet mass is unfolded at the particle level and used to extract a value of the top quark mass of 172.6 $\pm$ 2.5 GeV. A novel jet reconstruction technique is used for the first time at the LHC, which improves the precision by a factor of three relative to an earlier measurement. This highlights the potential of measurements using boosted top quarks, where the new technique will enable future precision measurements.

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arXiv2020

Search for direct top squark pair production in events with one lepton, jets, and missing transverse momentum at 13 TeV with the CMS experiment

A search for direct top squark pair production is presented. The search is based on proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC during 2016, 2017, and 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb$^{-1}$. The search is carried out using events with a single isolated electron or muon, multiple jets, and large transverse momentum imbalance. The observed data are consistent with the expectations from standard model processes. Exclusions are set in the context of simplified top squark pair production models. Depending on the model, exclusion limits at 95% confidence level for top squark masses up to 1.2 TeV are set for a massless lightest supersymmetric particle, assumed to be the neutralino. For models with top squark masses of 1 TeV, neutralino masses up to 600 GeV are excluded.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2020

Search for an excited lepton that decays via a contact interaction to a lepton and two jets in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV

Results are presented from a search for events containing an excited lepton (electron or muon) produced in association with an ordinary lepton of the same flavor and decaying to a lepton and two hadronic jets. Both the production and the decay of the excited leptons are assumed to occur via a contact interaction with a characteristic energy scale $Λ$. The branching fraction for the decay mode under study increases with the mass of the excited lepton and is the most sensitive channel for very heavy excited leptons. The analysis uses a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 77.4 fb$^{-1}$. The four-body invariant mass of the two lepton plus two jet system is used as the primary discriminating variable. No significant excess of events beyond the expectation for standard model processes is observed. Assuming that $Λ$ is equal to the mass of the excited leptons, excited electrons and muons with masses below 5.6 and 5.7 TeV, respectively, are excluded at 95% confidence level. These are the best limits to date.

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arXiv2020

Search for high mass dijet resonances with a new background prediction method in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV

A search for narrow and broad resonances with masses greater than 1.8 TeV decaying to a pair of jets is presented. The search uses proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV collected at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb$^{-1}$. The background arising from standard model processes is predicted with the fit method used in previous publications and with a new method. The dijet invariant mass spectrum is well described by both data-driven methods, and no significant evidence for the production of new particles is observed. Model independent upper limits are reported on the production cross sections of narrow resonances, and broad resonances with widths up to 55% of the resonance mass. Limits are presented on the masses of narrow resonances from various models: string resonances, scalar diquarks, axigluons, colorons, excited quarks, color-octet scalars, W' and Z' bosons, Randall-Sundrum gravitons, and dark matter mediators. The limits on narrow resonances are improved by 200 to 800 GeV relative to those reported in previous CMS dijet resonance searches. The limits on dark matter mediators are presented as a function of the resonance mass and width, and on the associated coupling strength as a function of the mediator mass. These limits exclude at 95% confidence level a dark matter mediator with a mass of 1.8 TeV and width 1% of its mass or higher, up to one with a mass of 4.8 TeV and a width 45% of its mass or higher.

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arXiv2020

Constraints on the $χ_\mathrm{c1}$ versus $χ_\mathrm{c2}$ polarizations in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 8 TeV

The polarizations of promptly produced $χ_\mathrm{c1}$ and $χ_\mathrm{c2}$ mesons are studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 8 TeV. The $χ_\mathrm{c}$ states are reconstructed via their radiative decays $χ_\mathrm{c}$ $\to$ $\mathrm{J}/ψ\, γ$, with the photons being measured through conversions to e$^+$e$^-$, which allows the two states to be well resolved. The polarizations are measured in the helicity frame, through the analysis of the $χ_\mathrm{c2}$ to $χ_\mathrm{c1}$ yield ratio as a function of the polar or azimuthal angle of the positive muon emitted in the $\mathrm{J}/ψ$ $\to$ $μ^+μ^-$ decay, in three ranges of $\mathrm{J}/ψ$ transverse momentum. While no differences are seen between the two states in terms of azimuthal decay angle distributions, they are observed to have significantly different polar anisotropies. The measurement favors a scenario where at least one of the two states is strongly polarized along the helicity quantization axis, in agreement with nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics predictions. This is the first measurement of significantly polarized quarkonia produced at high transverse momentum.

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arXiv2020

Measurement of differential cross sections and charge ratios for $t$-channel single top quark production in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV

A measurement is presented of differential cross sections for $t$-channel single top quark and antiquark production in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV by the CMS experiment at the LHC. From a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$, events containing one muon or electron and two or three jets are analysed. The cross section is measured as a function of the top quark transverse momentum ($p_\mathrm{T}$), rapidity, and polarisation angle, the charged lepton $p_\mathrm{T}$ and rapidity, and the $p_\mathrm{T}$ of the W boson from the top quark decay. In addition, the charge ratio is measured differentially as a function of the top quark, charged lepton, and W boson kinematic observables. The results are found to be in agreement with standard model predictions using various next-to-leading-order event generators and sets of parton distribution functions. Additionally, the spin asymmetry, sensitive to the top quark polarisation, is determined from the differential distribution of the polarisation angle at parton level to be 0.440 $\pm$ 0.070, in agreement with the standard model prediction.

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arXiv2020

Calibration of the CMS hadron calorimeters using proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV

Methods are presented for calibrating the hadron calorimeter system of the CMS detector at the LHC. The hadron calorimeters of the CMS experiment are sampling calorimeters of brass and scintillator, and are in the form of one central detector and two endcaps. These calorimeters cover pseudorapidities $|η| <$ 3 and are positioned inside a solenoidal magnet. An outer calorimeter, outside the magnet coil, covers $|η| <$ 1.26, and a steel and quartz-fiber Cherenkov forward calorimeter extends the coverage to $|η| <$ 5.19. The initial calibration of the calorimeters was based on results from test beams, augmented with the use of radioactive sources and lasers. The calibration was improved substantially using proton-proton collision data collected at $\sqrt{s} =$ 7, 8, and 13 TeV, as well as cosmic ray muon data collected during the periods when the LHC beams were not present. The present calibration is performed using the early 13 TeV data collected during 2016 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The intercalibration of channels exploits the approximate uniformity of energy deposit over the azimuthal angle. The absolute energy scale of the central and endcap calorimeters is set using isolated charged hadrons. The energy scale for the electromagnetic portion of the forward calorimeters is set using Z $\to$ ee data. The energy scale of the outer calorimeters has been determined with test beam data and is confirmed through data with high transverse momentum jets. In this paper, we present the details of the calibration methods and accuracy.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2020

Measurement of properties of B$^0_\mathrm{s}\toμ^+μ^-$ decays and search for B$^0\toμ^+μ^-$ with the CMS experiment

Results are reported for the B$^0_\mathrm{s}\toμ^+μ^-$ branching fraction and effective lifetime and from a search for the decay B$^0\toμ^+μ^-$. The analysis uses a data sample of proton-proton collisions accumulated by the CMS experiment in 2011, 2012, and 2016, with center-of-mass energies (integrated luminosities) of 7 TeV (5 fb$^{-1}$), 8 TeV (20 fb$^{-1}$), and 13 TeV (36 fb$^{-1}$). The branching fractions are determined by measuring event yields relative to B$^+\to$ J/$ψ$K$^+$ decays (with J/$ψ\toμ^+μ^-$), which results in the reduction of many of the systematic uncertainties. The decay B$^0_\mathrm{s}\toμ^+μ^-$ is observed with a significance of 5.6 standard deviations. The branching fraction is measured to be $\mathcal{B}$(B$^0_\mathrm{s}\toμ^+μ^-$) = [2.9 $\pm$ 0.7 (exp) $\pm$ 0.2 (frag)] $\times$ 10$^{-9}$, where the first uncertainty combines the experimental statistical and systematic contributions, and the second is due to the uncertainty in the ratio of the B$^0_\mathrm{s}$ and the B$^+$ fragmentation functions. No significant excess is observed for the decay B$^0\toμ^+μ^-$, and an upper limit of $\mathcal{B}$(B$^0\toμ^+μ^-$) < 3.6 $\times$ 10$^{-10}$ is obtained at 95% confidence level. The B$^0_\mathrm{s}\toμ^+μ^-$ effective lifetime is measured to be $τ_{μ^+μ^-}$ = 1.70 $^{+0.61}_{-0.44}$ ps. These results are consistent with standard model predictions.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2020

Search for dijet resonances using events with three jets in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV

A search for a narrow resonance with a mass between 350 and 700 GeV, and decaying into a pair of jets, is performed using proton-proton collision events containing at least three jets. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 18.3 fb$^{-1}$ recorded at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV with the CMS detector. Data are collected with a technique known as "data scouting", in which the events are reconstructed, selected, and recorded at a high rate in a compact form by the high-level trigger. The three-jet final state provides sensitivity to lower resonance masses than in previous searches using the data scouting technique. The spectrum of the dijet invariant mass, calculated from the two jets with the largest transverse momenta in the event, is used to search for a resonance. No significant excess over a smoothly falling background is found. Limits at 95% confidence level are set on the production cross section of a narrow dijet resonance and compared with the cross section of a vector dark matter mediator coupling to dark matter particles and quarks. Translating to a model where the narrow vector resonance interacts only with quarks, upper limits on this coupling range between 0.10 and 0.15, depending on the resonance mass. These results represent the most stringent upper limits in the mass range between 350 and 450 GeV obtained with a flavor-inclusive dijet resonance search.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2020

A measurement of the Higgs boson mass in the diphoton decay channel

A measurement of the mass of the Higgs boson in the diphoton decay channel is presented. This analysis is based on 35.9 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data collected during the 2016 LHC running period, with the CMS detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. A refined detector calibration and new analysis techniques have been used to improve the precision of this measurement. The Higgs boson mass is measured to be $m_\mathrm{H} =$ 125.78 $\pm$ 0.26 GeV. This is combined with a measurement of $m_\mathrm{H}$ already performed in the H $\to$ ZZ $\to$ 4$\ell$ decay channel using the same data set, giving $m_\mathrm{H} =$ 125.46 $\pm$ 0.16 GeV. This result, when further combined with an earlier measurement of $m_\mathrm{H}$ using data collected in 2011 and 2012 with the CMS detector, gives a value for the Higgs boson mass of $m_\mathrm{H} =$ 125.38 $\pm$ 0.14 GeV. This is currently the most precise measurement of the mass of the Higgs boson.

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arXiv2020

Study of J/$ψ$ meson production inside jets in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 8 TeV

A study of the production of prompt J/$ψ$ mesons contained in jets in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 8 TeV is presented. The analysis is based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.1 fb$^{-1}$ collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. For events with at least one observed jet, the angular separation between the J/$ψ$ meson and the jet is used to test whether the J/$ψ$ meson is part of the jet. The analysis shows that most prompt J/$ψ$ mesons with energy above 15 GeV and rapidity $|y|<$ 1 are contained in jets with pseudorapidity $|η_{\text{jet}}|$ $<$ 1. The differential distributions of the probability to have a J/$ψ$ meson contained in a jet as a function of jet energy for a fixed J/$ψ$ energy fraction are compared to a theoretical model using the fragmenting jet function approach. The data agree best with fragmenting jet function calculations that use a long-distance matrix element parameter set in which prompt J/$ψ$ mesons are predicted to be unpolarized. This technique demonstrates a new way to test predictions for prompt J/$ψ$ production using nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2020

Search for a narrow resonance lighter than 200 GeV decaying to a pair of muons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV

A search is presented for a narrow resonance decaying to a pair of oppositely charged muons using $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC. In the 45-75 and 110-200 GeV resonance mass ranges, the search is based on conventional triggering and event reconstruction techniques. In the 11.5-45 GeV mass range, the search uses data collected with dimuon triggers with low transverse momentum thresholds, recorded at high rate by storing a reduced amount of trigger-level information. The data correspond to integrated luminosities of 137 fb$^{-1}$ and 96.6 fb$^{-1}$ for conventional and high-rate triggering, respectively. No significant resonant peaks are observed in the probed mass ranges. The search sets the most stringent constraints to date on a dark photon in the $\sim$30-75 and 110-200 GeV mass ranges.

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arXiv2020

Exclusive and semi-exclusive $π^+π^-$ production in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A measurement is presented of the exclusive and semi-exclusive production of charged pion pairs in proton-proton collisions, pp to p(p*) + $π^+π^-$ + p(p*) here the $π^+π^-$ pair is emitted at central rapidities, and the scattered protons stay intact (p) or diffractively dissociate (p*) without detection. The measurement is performed with the CMS detector at the LHC, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 450 inverse microbarns collected at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The dipion cross section, measured for single-pion transverse momentum pt >0.2 GeV and rapidity abs(y)<2, is 26.5 +/- 0.3 (stat) +/- 5.0 (syst) +/- 1.1 (lumi) microbarns. The differential cross sections measured as a function of the invariant mass, pt, and y of the pion pair, and as a function of single-pion pt, are compared to phenomenological predictions.

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