arXiv subjects

Chaewan Chun

Publications and source records attributed to Chaewan Chun.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Context-Aware Multimodal Claim Verification in Spoken Dialogues

Spoken factual claims often occur within multi-turn conversations, where surrounding dialogue can provide context unavailable from the claim alone. Yet most fact-checking research evaluates isolated text, leaving conversational audio under-studied. We introduce MAD2, a synthetic Multi-turn Audio Dialogues benchmark for spoken claim verification with 1,000 two-speaker dialogues, 1,230 sentence-level check-worthy candidate annotations, and approximately 10 hours of audio. We also propose calibrated multimodal fusion of a context-aware audio encoder and a dialogue-aware text model. Adding dialogue context improves verification across settings, although the gains vary by scenario. Past-only context often approaches local offline performance, suggesting its usefulness when future context is unavailable. Fusion achieves its highest mean advantage over text with full-dialogue context, but does not consistently or significantly outperform text across settings. Under full-dialogue context, exploratory subgroup results show greater performance variation across dialogue scenarios for text and fusion, but across spread styles for audio.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2026

Lost in Speech: Trilingual Spoken Hallucination Detection Across Audio and Transcripts

While text-based hallucination detection is well studied, reference-free detection of factual alterations in speech remains underexplored, especially for low-resource languages. Our spoken benchmark comprises 12,013 English, Russian, and Kazakh news samples with three synthetic alteration types and three severity levels, pairing source articles with rewrites as text, synthesized audio, and ASR transcripts. We add 290 fact-checked misinformation items collected in Russian (225) and Kazakh (65), translated into the other language and rendered through the same TTS-ASR pipeline. We evaluate fine-tuned multilingual encoders and zero-shot multimodal decoders on text, transcripts, and audio. Detectors receive only target inputs without source articles or external evidence; the task evaluates reference-free classification rather than evidence-grounded verification. Encoder degradation from source text to transcripts generally tracks per-language ASR error on the binary task. Among decoders, only Gemma-3n exceeds the binary majority-class baseline in macro-F1, on transcripts only; the other four fall below their respective baselines. Comparisons between audio and transcripts are confounded by differences in evaluation coverage and class balance. Synthetic-trained detectors achieve 0.82--0.88 macro-F1 on real-world misinformation source text; Russian provenance analysis reveals veracity-related and model-dependent machine-style signals, a key confound in synthetic hallucination benchmarks.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2026

TRILOGUE: A Trilingual Spoken Dialogue Fact-Checking Benchmark with Evidence and Paired Audio

Modern misinformation is often heard before it is read, yet fact-checking systems are still evaluated mainly on clean written claims. Spoken dialogue remains different even when systems operate on transcripts: claims may be distributed across speakers and turns, depend on prior context, and become harder to verify when Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) errors distort the available text. Prior spoken dialogue fact-checking resources are small, English-centric, or focused on annotation rather than end-to-end benchmarking, leaving no large multilingual benchmark with paired speech and turn-level labels. We introduce TRILOGUE (TRIlingual spoken diaLOGUE fact-checking), a large-scale trilingual benchmark of source-grounded spoken dialogues in English, Russian, and Kazakh. It contains nearly 12K dialogues, 187K turns, and 390 hours of paired audio with ASR transcripts and word-level timestamp alignments across all three languages, including nearly 5K human-recorded Russian and Kazakh dialogue files. TRILOGUE supports claim check-worthiness detection, source-article evidence retrieval, and claim verification with claim-only, gold-evidence, and retrieved-evidence inputs. Baselines show that ASR degradation and cross-lingual transfer remain challenging, especially for Kazakh, while retrieved source evidence substantially narrows the gap to gold-evidence verification.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2026

AOR-Bench: Do Large Audio Language Models Over-Refuse Pseudo-Harmful Queries?

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) have demonstrated strong performance across a wide range of audio tasks. As they are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, ensuring their safety alignment has become more important. Although refusal mechanisms serve as a key safeguard by preventing LALMs from responding to harmful requests, they can also lead to over-refusal, where models incorrectly reject benign queries. This issue is especially challenging in the audio domain because speech that appears harmful in isolation may become benign when interpreted together with the surrounding acoustic context, such as background sounds. To study this problem, we introduce AOR-Bench (Audio Over-Refusal Benchmark), the first benchmark for over-refusal specifically designed for LALMs. AOR-Bench contains 3,000 pseudo-harmful audio samples across six scenario categories. Evaluating 12 representative LALMs from six major model families, we find that over-refusal is widespread (Figure 1) and uncover several important patterns in their safety judgments. As a preliminary effort to mitigate this issue, we further explore two lightweight strategies (e.g., Chain-of-Thought and activation steering) to reduce over-refusal.

cs.SD↗

arXiv2026

When Misinformation Speaks and Converses: Rethinking Fact-Checking in Audio Platforms

Audio platforms have evolved beyond entertainment. They have become central to public discourse, from podcasts and radio to WhatsApp voice notes and live streams. With millions of shows and hundreds of millions of listeners, audio platforms are now a major channel for misinformation. Yet existing fact-checking pipelines are mostly designed for written claims, overlooking the unique properties of spoken media. We argue that audio misinformation is not merely textual content with transcripts: it is structurally different because it is both spoken - carrying persuasive force through prosody, pacing, and emotion - and conversational - unfolding across turns, speakers, and episodes. These dual properties introduce verification difficulties that traditional methods rarely face. This position paper synthesizes evidence across modalities and platforms, examines datasets and methods, and highlights why existing pipelines fail on audio. We argue that advancing fact-checking requires rethinking verification pipelines around the spoken and conversational realities of audio.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2025

MAD: A Benchmark for Multi-Turn Audio Dialogue Fact-Checking

Despite the growing popularity of audio platforms, fact-checking spoken content remains significantly underdeveloped. Misinformation in speech often unfolds across multi-turn dialogues, shaped by speaker interactions, disfluencies, overlapping speech, and emotional tone-factors that complicate both claim detection and verification. Existing datasets fall short by focusing on isolated sentences or text transcripts, without modeling the conversational and acoustic complexity of spoken misinformation. We introduce MAD (Multi-turn Audio Dialogues), the first fact-checking dataset aligned with multi-turn spoken dialogues and corresponding audio. MAD captures how misinformation is introduced, contested, and reinforced through natural conversation. Each dialogue includes annotations for speaker turns, dialogue scenarios, information spread styles, sentence-level check-worthiness, and both sentence- and dialogue-level veracity. The dataset supports two core tasks: check-worthy claim detection and claim verification. Benchmarking shows that even strong pretrained models reach only 72-74% accuracy at the sentence level and 71-72% at the dialogue level in claim verification, underscoring MAD's difficulty. MAD offers a high-quality benchmark for advancing multimodal and conversational fact-checking, while also surfacing open challenges related to reasoning over speech and dialogue dynamics.

cs.SI↗