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Chao Wang

Publications and source records attributed to Chao Wang.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
arXiv2020

LSHR-Net: a hardware-friendly solution for high-resolution computational imaging using a mixed-weights neural network

Recent work showed neural-network-based approaches to reconstructing images from compressively sensed measurements offer significant improvements in accuracy and signal compression. Such methods can dramatically boost the capability of computational imaging hardware. However, to date, there have been two major drawbacks: (1) the high-precision real-valued sensing patterns proposed in the majority of existing works can prove problematic when used with computational imaging hardware such as a digital micromirror sampling device and (2) the network structures for image reconstruction involve intensive computation, which is also not suitable for hardware deployment. To address these problems, we propose a novel hardware-friendly solution based on mixed-weights neural networks for computational imaging. In particular, learned binary-weight sensing patterns are tailored to the sampling device. Moreover, we proposed a recursive network structure for low-resolution image sampling and high-resolution reconstruction scheme. It reduces both the required number of measurements and reconstruction computation by operating convolution on small intermediate feature maps. The recursive structure further reduced the model size, making the network more computationally efficient when deployed with the hardware. Our method has been validated on benchmark datasets and achieved the state of the art reconstruction accuracy. We tested our proposed network in conjunction with a proof-of-concept hardware setup.

eess.IV↗
arXiv2020

Versatile security analysis of measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) is the only known QKD scheme that can completely overcome the problem of detection side-channel attacks. Yet, despite its practical importance, there is no standard approach towards proving the security of MDI-QKD. Here, we present a simple numerical method that can efficiently compute almost-tight security bounds for any discretely modulated MDI-QKD protocol. To demonstrate the broad utility of our method, we use it to analyze the security of coherent-state MDI-QKD, decoy-state MDI-QKD with leaky sources, and a variant of twin-field QKD called phase-matching QKD. In all of the numerical simulations (using realistic detection models) we find that our method gives significantly higher secret key rates than those obtained with current security proof techniques. Interestingly, we also find that phase-matching QKD using only two coherent test states is enough to overcome the fundamental rate-distance limit of QKD. Taken together, these findings suggest that our security proof method enables a versatile, fast, and possibly optimal approach towards the security validation of practical MDI-QKD systems.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2020

Improving Recommendation Diversity by Highlighting the ExTrA Fabricated Experts

Nowadays, recommender systems (RSes) are becoming increasingly important to individual users and business marketing, especially in the online e-commerce scenarios. However, while the majority of recommendation algorithms proposed in the literature have focused their efforts on improving prediction accuracy, other important aspects of recommendation quality, such as diversity of recommendations, have been more or less overlooked. In the latest decade, recommendation diversity has drawn more research attention, especially in the models based on user-item bipartite networks. In this paper, we introduce a family of approaches to extract fabricated experts from users in RSes, named as the Expert Tracking Approaches (ExTrA for short), and explore the capability of these fabricated experts in improving the recommendation diversity, by highlighting them in a well-known bipartite network-based method, called the Mass Diffusion (MD for short) model. These ExTrA-based models are compared with two state-of-the-art MD-improved models HHP and BHC, with respect to recommendation accuracy and diversity. Comprehensive empirical results on three real-world datasets MovieLens, Netflix and RYM show that, our proposed ExTrA-based models can achieve significant diversity gain while maintain comparable level of recommendation accuracy.

cs.SI↗
arXiv2020

Water waves problem with surface tension in a corner domain I: A priori estimates with constrained contact angle

We study the two dimensional water waves problem with surface tension in the case when there is a non-zero contact angle between the free surface and the bottom. In the presence of surface tension, dissipations take place at the contact point. Moreover, when the contact angle is less than $π/6$, no singularity appears in our settings. Using elliptic estimates in corner domains and a geometric approach, we prove an a priori estimate for the water waves problem.

math.AP↗
arXiv2020

MLR: A Two-stage Conversational Query Rewriting Model with Multi-task Learning

Conversational context understanding aims to recognize the real intention of user from the conversation history, which is critical for building the dialogue system. However, the multi-turn conversation understanding in open domain is still quite challenging, which requires the system extracting the important information and resolving the dependencies in contexts among a variety of open topics. In this paper, we propose the conversational query rewriting model - MLR, which is a Multi-task model on sequence Labeling and query Rewriting. MLR reformulates the multi-turn conversational queries into a single turn query, which conveys the true intention of users concisely and alleviates the difficulty of the multi-turn dialogue modeling. In the model, we formulate the query rewriting as a sequence generation problem and introduce word category information via the auxiliary word category label predicting task. To train our model, we construct a new Chinese query rewriting dataset and conduct experiments on it. The experimental results show that our model outperforms compared models, and prove the effectiveness of the word category information in improving the rewriting performance.

cs.CL↗
arXiv2020

Realistic Dune Field Surface Stress Prediction (Technical Report)

The dune morphodynamics study is under highly focused recently, due to aeolian process induced nonlinear correlation to sediment modification over bedform. Surface stress, inflicted by aloft upcoming wind, impacts, crucially, the sediment erosion pattern. The aloft atmospheric dune surface layer (ASL) is composed of inertial layer and roughness sublayer. The logarithmic velocity profile is valid within inertial layer based on previous findings, where attached-eddy occupied the higher elevations scaled with local wall-normal height. While, mixing layer velocity profile is displayed in this work to predict the surface shear over White Sands National Monument (WSNM), the length scale of which is revealed as proportional to mixing layer length scale. Given the realistic dune field morphology and aeolian process, a series of mathematic stress models have been proposed and verified. Among these models, mixing layer model shows the best performance, which elucidates and confirms the mixing layer analogy over realistic dune field. Finally, a schematic structural model shows that "sediment scour" and "flow channeling" indeed is the reason for the large residual values distributed in narrow interdune surfaces, which has a great consistency with previous finding.

physics.flu-dyn↗
arXiv2020

Suphx: Mastering Mahjong with Deep Reinforcement Learning

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has achieved great success in many domains, and game AI is widely regarded as its beachhead since the dawn of AI. In recent years, studies on game AI have gradually evolved from relatively simple environments (e.g., perfect-information games such as Go, chess, shogi or two-player imperfect-information games such as heads-up Texas hold'em) to more complex ones (e.g., multi-player imperfect-information games such as multi-player Texas hold'em and StartCraft II). Mahjong is a popular multi-player imperfect-information game worldwide but very challenging for AI research due to its complex playing/scoring rules and rich hidden information. We design an AI for Mahjong, named Suphx, based on deep reinforcement learning with some newly introduced techniques including global reward prediction, oracle guiding, and run-time policy adaptation. Suphx has demonstrated stronger performance than most top human players in terms of stable rank and is rated above 99.99% of all the officially ranked human players in the Tenhou platform. This is the first time that a computer program outperforms most top human players in Mahjong.

cs.AI↗
arXiv2020

Accelerated Schemes for the $L_1/L_2$ Minimization

In this paper, we consider the $L_1/L_2 $ minimization for sparse recovery and study its relationship with the $L_1$-$ αL_2 $ model. Based on this relationship, we propose three numerical algorithms to minimize this ratio model, two of which work as adaptive schemes and greatly reduce the computation time. Focusing on two adaptive schemes, we discuss their connection to existing approaches and analyze their convergence. The experimental results demonstrate the proposed approaches are comparable to the state-of-the-art methods in sparse recovery and work particularly well when the ground-truth signal has a high dynamic range. Lastly, we reveal some empirical evidence on the exact $L_1$ recovery under various combinations of sparsity, coherence, and dynamic ranges, which calls for theoretical justification in the future.

math.NA↗
arXiv2020

Extending periodic automorphisms of surfaces to 3-manifolds

Let $G$ be a finite group acting on a connected compact surface $Σ$, and $M$ be an integer homology 3-sphere. We show that if each element of $G$ is extendable over $M$ with respect to a fixed embedding $Σ\rightarrow M$, then $G$ is extendable over some $M'$ which is 1-dominated by $M$. From this result, in the orientable category we classify all periodic automorphisms of closed surfaces that are extendable over the 3-sphere. The corresponding embedded surface of such an automorphism can always be a Heegaard surface.

math.GT↗
arXiv2020

$D^*Dρ$ and $B^*Bρ$ strong couplings in light-cone sum rules

We present an improved calculation of the strong coupling constants $g_{D^*Dρ}$ and $g_{B^*Bρ}$ in light-cone sum rules including the one-loop QCD corrections of leading power with $ρ$ meson distribution amplitudes. We further compute the subleading-power corrections from two-particle and three-particle higher-twist contributions at leading order up to twist-4 accuracy. The next-to leading order corrections to leading power contribution offset the subleading-power corrections to some extend numerically, and our numerical results are consistent with previous works from sum rules. The comparisons between our results and the existing model-dependent estimations are also made.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2020

Turbulent characteristics within roughness sublayer over spanwise homogeneous transversal bars

Turbulent characteristics within shear layer have been studied, recently, within vegetative canopy, buildings, dunes. Kevin-Helmholtz instability triggered hairpin vortex shedding has been widely concluded as the "signature" of mixing layer analogy. However, convoluted roughness types complicate the observing practice of turbulent evolving progress. To simplify that, spanwise homogeneous roughness has been adopted in this work to capture the streamwise flow alternations under different streamwise roughness element distances. Streamwise successive object distance $λ_x$ is used to show the roughness element distance. The transitional trends from turbulent channel flow to canopy flow have been observed from Case 1 to Case 4. However, when $λ_x/h<1.0$, as successive distance decreases, the evidences indicate turbulent flow is transferring from canopy flow into channel flow from Case 4 to Case 6. Instantaneous results verifies the enhancement of turbulent mixing and decreasing turbulent coherency. The attached-eddy hypothesis (AEH) becomes valid in $λ_x/h<1.0$ Cases. Meanwhile, Reynolds-averaged flow results show the roughness shear "curve" effectiveness will decrease when $λ_x$ keeps decreasing after $λ_x/h<1.0$. The probability density function (PDF) of three fluctuating variables on a sampling point over element display the "increasing-decreasing" trend of decreasing spacing effect on upper region, wherein the maximal effect emerges in Case 2 and 3. And the swirling structural visualizations also demonstrate the progress of turbulent structure changing in roughness sublayer at different streamwise successive object distances. Finally, the instantaneous results show wall-normal momentum flux transports and turbulence swirling structures are correlated to the element spacing.

physics.flu-dyn↗
arXiv2020

Adversarial Multimodal Representation Learning for Click-Through Rate Prediction

For better user experience and business effectiveness, Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction has been one of the most important tasks in E-commerce. Although extensive CTR prediction models have been proposed, learning good representation of items from multimodal features is still less investigated, considering an item in E-commerce usually contains multiple heterogeneous modalities. Previous works either concatenate the multiple modality features, that is equivalent to giving a fixed importance weight to each modality; or learn dynamic weights of different modalities for different items through technique like attention mechanism. However, a problem is that there usually exists common redundant information across multiple modalities. The dynamic weights of different modalities computed by using the redundant information may not correctly reflect the different importance of each modality. To address this, we explore the complementarity and redundancy of modalities by considering modality-specific and modality-invariant features differently. We propose a novel Multimodal Adversarial Representation Network (MARN) for the CTR prediction task. A multimodal attention network first calculates the weights of multiple modalities for each item according to its modality-specific features. Then a multimodal adversarial network learns modality-invariant representations where a double-discriminators strategy is introduced. Finally, we achieve the multimodal item representations by combining both modality-specific and modality-invariant representations. We conduct extensive experiments on both public and industrial datasets, and the proposed method consistently achieves remarkable improvements to the state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, the approach has been deployed in an operational E-commerce system and online A/B testing further demonstrates the effectiveness.

cs.IR↗
arXiv2020

Novelty-Prepared Few-Shot Classification

Few-shot classification algorithms can alleviate the data scarceness issue, which is vital in many real-world problems, by adopting models pre-trained from abundant data in other domains. However, the pre-training process was commonly unaware of the future adaptation to other concept classes. We disclose that a classically fully trained feature extractor can leave little embedding space for unseen classes, which keeps the model from well-fitting the new classes. In this work, we propose to use a novelty-prepared loss function, called self-compacting softmax loss (SSL), for few-shot classification. The SSL can prevent the full occupancy of the embedding space. Thus the model is more prepared to learn new classes. In experiments on CUB-200-2011 and mini-ImageNet datasets, we show that SSL leads to significant improvement of the state-of-the-art performance. This work may shed some light on considering the model capacity for few-shot classification tasks.

cs.LG↗
arXiv2020

SetRank: A Setwise Bayesian Approach for Collaborative Ranking from Implicit Feedback

The recent development of online recommender systems has a focus on collaborative ranking from implicit feedback, such as user clicks and purchases. Different from explicit ratings, which reflect graded user preferences, the implicit feedback only generates positive and unobserved labels. While considerable efforts have been made in this direction, the well-known pairwise and listwise approaches have still been limited by various challenges. Specifically, for the pairwise approaches, the assumption of independent pairwise preference is not always held in practice. Also, the listwise approaches cannot efficiently accommodate "ties" due to the precondition of the entire list permutation. To this end, in this paper, we propose a novel setwise Bayesian approach for collaborative ranking, namely SetRank, to inherently accommodate the characteristics of implicit feedback in recommender system. Specifically, SetRank aims at maximizing the posterior probability of novel setwise preference comparisons and can be implemented with matrix factorization and neural networks. Meanwhile, we also present the theoretical analysis of SetRank to show that the bound of excess risk can be proportional to $\sqrt{M/N}$, where $M$ and $N$ are the numbers of items and users, respectively. Finally, extensive experiments on four real-world datasets clearly validate the superiority of SetRank compared with various state-of-the-art baselines.

cs.IR↗
arXiv2020

Few-shot acoustic event detection via meta-learning

We study few-shot acoustic event detection (AED) in this paper. Few-shot learning enables detection of new events with very limited labeled data. Compared to other research areas like computer vision, few-shot learning for audio recognition has been under-studied. We formulate few-shot AED problem and explore different ways of utilizing traditional supervised methods for this setting as well as a variety of meta-learning approaches, which are conventionally used to solve few-shot classification problem. Compared to supervised baselines, meta-learning models achieve superior performance, thus showing its effectiveness on generalization to new audio events. Our analysis including impact of initialization and domain discrepancy further validate the advantage of meta-learning approaches in few-shot AED.

cs.LG↗
arXiv2020

Quantum computing cryptography: Finding cryptographic Boolean functions with quantum annealing by a 2000 qubit D-wave quantum computer

As the building block in symmetric cryptography, designing Boolean functions satisfying multiple properties is an important problem in sequence ciphers, block ciphers, and hash functions. However, the search of $n$-variable Boolean functions fulfilling global cryptographic constraints is computationally hard due to the super-exponential size $\mathcal{O}(2^{2^n})$ of the space. Here, we introduce a codification of the cryptographically relevant constraints in the ground state of an Ising Hamiltonian, allowing us to naturally encode it in a quantum annealer, which seems to provide a quantum speedup. Additionally, we benchmark small $n$ cases in a D-Wave machine, showing its capacity of devising bent functions, the most relevant set of cryptographic Boolean functions. We have complemented it with local search and chain repair to improve the D-Wave quantum annealer performance related to the low connectivity. This work shows how to codify super-exponential cryptographic problems into quantum annealers and paves the way for reaching quantum supremacy with an adequately designed chip.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2020

Designing Interaction for Multi-agent Cooperative System in an Office Environment

Future intelligent system will involve very various types of artificial agents, such as mobile robots, smart home infrastructure or personal devices, which share data and collaborate with each other to execute certain tasks.Designing an efficient human-machine interface, which can support users to express needs to the system, supervise the collaboration progress of different entities and evaluate the result, will be challengeable. This paper presents the design and implementation of the human-machine interface of Intelligent Cyber-Physical system (ICPS),which is a multi-entity coordination system of robots and other smart devices in a working environment. ICPS gathers sensory data from entities and then receives users' command, then optimizes plans to utilize the capability of different entities to serve people. Using multi-model interaction methods, e.g. graphical interfaces, speech interaction, gestures and facial expressions, ICPS is able to receive inputs from users through different entities, keep users aware of the progress and accomplish the task efficiently

cs.HC↗