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Cheng-Wei Qiu

Publications and source records attributed to Cheng-Wei Qiu.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2026

Photonics-GCCE: group collaborative-competitive evolution multi-agent framework for universal and autonomous optical design

Large language model (LLM)-empowered photonic agents connect natural-language intents to executable solvers, showing significant advantages over conventional optical design approaches. However, current multi-agent frameworks operate within a collaborative paradigm without extrinsic selective pressure, which could inherit shared blind spots, converge prematurely, and fail to accumulate transferable experience for intricate tasks. Here, we introduce a group photonics collaboration-compete evolution (GCCE) framework and its LLM instantiation, termed Photonics-GCCE. Two independent agent groups pursue the same design target and undergo structured competitive evaluation across refractive-index fidelity, fabrication sensitivity, algorithmic adequacy, and physical consistency. Each group comprises a leader and three specialist agents dedicated to materials, optimization, and code validation. Agents refine their skills through competitive evaluation across design rounds. Benchmarking across six device categories against single-agent and multi-agent baselines shows that Photonics-GCCE elevates composite scores into the high 90s, improves fabrication robustness by 15 to 17 points, and reduces solver iterations to roughly 40 rounds. A representative quasi?BIC demonstration achieves a practically fabricable design with a quality factor of 13120. Our results demonstrate Photonics-GCCE as a general-purpose and closed-loop framework for autonomous optical design, capable of producing high-performance, fabrication-ready devices across diverse nanophotonic tasks.

physics.optics↗
arXiv2026

Spin-canting-induced Giant Nonlinear Optical Magnetochirality in a 2D Ferrotoroid

Achieving magnetically switchable chiral light emission is an important goal for 2D opto-spintronics. However, conventional strategies face a fundamental trade-off between dynamic tunability and polarization contrast. Nonlinear optics, particularly the emerging mechanism of chiral second-harmonic generation (SHG), offers a distinct strategy to bypass this restriction, yet its experimental realization remains elusive due to stringent symmetry requirements. Here, we report giant nonlinear optical magnetochirality in a centrosymmetric 2D ferrotoroid, bilayer (2L) CrSBr. We reveal that a field-induced spin-canting state breaks the parity-time (PT) symmetry of the unperturbed antiferromagnetic (AFM) ground state, activating a spin-chirality-driven i-type susceptibility. The coherent interference between this emergent i-type and intrinsic c-type SHG susceptibilities generates a macroscopic circularly polarized SHG signal whose helicity is magnetically switchable. Leveraging this sensitive mechanism, we uncover remanent magnetic states after field saturation that evade conventional linear probes. By exploiting the non-volatility of these states, we demonstrate magneto-optical memory and logic operations. Our work establishes a general symmetry-driven strategy for tailoring nonlinear magnetochirality, while providing a sensitive optical probe for subtle spin textures in the 2D limit.

physics.optics↗
arXiv2026

Fostering cultural change in research through innovative knowledge sharing, evaluation, and community engagement strategies

Bringing together researchers, funders, industry partners, and publishers from 14 countries across 5 continents, we advance the debate around open-science, assessment and learning. We introduce an integrative "open knowledge system" framework linking knowledge production, validation, assessment, and reuse into one ecosystem view, and translate it into actionable recommendations for each stakeholder. Shifting focus to modular, machine-readable knowledge objects, these recommendations are intended to help diagnose misaligned incentives and guide reforms that properly value all scientific contributions.

cs.SI↗
arXiv2026

Temporal Fourier Optics Reveals Hidden Hybridized Light-Matter States

Spectral measurements provide fundamental insights into wave systems by revealing resonances, mode hybridization, and light-matter interactions. However, intrinsic dissipation and measurement-related spectral broadening often obscure the spectral signatures of the underlying hybridized light-matter states. Here, we establish a temporal Fourier optics framework based on a space-time Fourier correspondence, which interprets spectral broadening as the Fourier counterpart of temporal attenuation. This perspective introduces a temporal point-spread function (TPSF) that enables direct, synthesis-free reconstruction of the underlying spectral response from experimentally measured spectra by compensating for effective temporal decay before transformation back to the frequency domain. We experimentally validate the framework using deterministic single-molecule Au nanosphere dimers and open Au@Ag nanorod- and nanotriangle-based plasmonic nanocavities coupled to J-aggregate excitons. Across these distinct platforms, TPSF consistently resolves hidden upper and lower polaritonic branches, revealing hybridized light-matter states and strong coupling that remain inaccessible in conventional scattering spectra. The reconstructed spectra agree closely with the recently developed complex-frequency formalism while providing a substantially simpler and experimentally accessible implementation. More broadly, temporal Fourier optics establishes a general framework for recovering dissipation-obscured spectral information, opening new opportunities for spectroscopy, imaging, sensing, and inverse wave measurements across photonics and wave physics.

physics.optics↗
arXiv2026

Observation of the Inherent Chiral Smith-Purcell Effect via Symmetry Breaking

The Smith-Purcell effect arises when charged particles move near a periodic structure, emitting radiation. Conventional approaches for generating chiral Smith-Purcell radiation rely on metasurface phase engineering or resonant mode interference, typically producing narrow-band, weakly chiral emission. Here, we introduce a resonance-interference-free mechanism that leverages the properties of the charged particles themselves. Using a non-chiral, non-resonant silicon grating, we demonstrate broadband, tunable Smith-Purcell radiation with high chirality, achieving a record-high degree of polarization of 0.87. This is enabled by converting the transverse spin angular momentum of electron-induced evanescent waves into a longitudinal form, producing opposite chirality at different azimuthal angles. Beam twisting or displacement offers precise control over chirality, paving the way for compact chiral light sources, advanced X-ray imaging, and integrated particle diagnostics platforms.

physics.optics↗
arXiv2026

Structured Single-photon Metasource

Structured quantum light is crucial for high-dimensional quantum information processing, yet its direct generation from quantum emitters remains challenging due to their intrinsic locality and omnidirectional radiation. Metasurfaces have been adopted for quantum-light wavefront shaping, typically in cascaded or stacked configurations that suffer from low efficiency and limited resolution. Here, we demonstrate a semiconductor metasource that directly embodies single quantum dots in a nonlocal GaAs metasurface. Spontaneous emission from quantum dot is efficiently funneled into an extended quasi-bound-state-in-the-continuum mode while sustaining strong mode-emitter overlap. A lateral core-barrier heterostructure tunes mode volume and spatial distribution to balance Purcell enhancement and holographic resolution. Using spatially modulated geometric phase, our compact metasource enables deterministic generation of diverse single-photon radiation patterns, including orbital-angular-momentum beams and holographic images. Our work brings versatile single-photon wavefront control into the nanoscale cavity quantum electrodynamics regime, offering a scalable route toward integrated sources of structured quantum light.

physics.optics↗
arXiv2026

Canalized hyperbolic magnetoexciton polaritons enabled by the Shubnikov-de Haas effect in van der Waals semiconductors

Polariton canalization exhibits highly collimated and diffraction-free propagation characteristics in natural hyperbolic materials, holding great promise for molding the energy flow at nanoscale. Previously, the majority of canalizations are realized in phonon polaritons. Herein, we theoretically explore hyperbolic magnetoexciton polaritons (HMEPs) in van der Waals crystals of WTe2, MoS2, and phosphorene. Based on the Shubnikov-de Haas effect, canalized HMEPs with ultralow group velocity (~10-5c) and super-long lifetime (hundreds of microseconds) are predicted at low temperatures. We also show that the inter-Landau-level transitions and non-local dielectric screening effect significantly modify the optical topologies of canalized HMEPs, manifested by various exotic isofrequency contours (IFCs) including hyperbolic, witch-of-Agnesi, one-sheet, two-fold, and twisted pincerlike IFCs. Our findings reveal the significant effects of magneto-optical transport on hyperbolic polaritons, which not only enrich the interplay mechanism between magnetics and polaritonics, but also provide a promising playground for future developments in hyperbolic materials.

physics.optics↗
arXiv2026

Optically reconfigurable canalization of exciton-polaritons in a non-hyperbolic perovskite

The ability to steer polariton flow on-demand holds significant promise towards nanophotonic applications and photonic circuitry. Polariton canalization, exhibiting intrinsic collimation and diffractionless transport, emerges as a promising solution without guiding structures. However, earlier demonstrations have been restricted to certain crystal surfaces with intrinsic hyperbolic responses and operated in the linear regime. Here, we experimentally demonstrate canalization of nonlinear exciton polariton condensates with optical reconfigurability in a birefringent CsPbBr3 perovskite crystal without intrinsic hyperbolic response. By embedding the birefringent perovskite crystal into a planar microcavity, the interplay between cavity transverse-electric-transverse-magnetic splitting and crystalline birefringence produces an anisotropic band geometry with a hyperbolic-flat-parabolic evolution of polaritonic isofrequency contours (IFCs). Nonresonant pumping drives exciton polariton condensation onto flat far-field contours with nonlinear emission amplification, leading to coherent canalized flows with over twentyfold collimation with respect to arc-shaped contours. Reconfiguring the optical pumping-spot size allows switching the nonlinear polariton condensates into hyperbolic and parabolic IFC regimes, leading to divergent propagation behaviour with collimating reconfiguration. Our study reveals a distinct canalization framework for shaping the nonlinear exciton-polariton condensate flows, opening opportunities for all-optical polaritonic logic circuits based on stabilized nonlinear quantum interconnects.

physics.optics↗
arXiv2025

Encoding orbital angular momentum of light in space with optical catastrophes

Light beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) possess an unbounded set of orthogonal modes, offering significant potential for optical communication and security. However, exploiting OAM beams in space has been hindered by the lack of a versatile design toolkit. Here, we demonstrate a strategy to tailor OAM across multiple transverse planes by shaping optical caustics leveraging on catastrophe theory. With complex-amplitude metasurfaces fabricated using two-photon polymerization lithography, we construct these caustics to steer Poynting vectors and achieve arbitrary shapes of OAM beams. Interestingly, we use such an approach to realize hidden OAM along the propagation trajectory, where the intensity of the beam is spread out thus avoiding detection. The OAM of these beams can be intrinsic, which avoids OAM distortions arising from the mixing of intrinsic and extrinsic components. By exploiting this intrinsic nature of OAM, we demonstrate the detection of encoded information in optical encryption. Our approach provides a unique framework for dynamic control of OAM in space, with promising applications in optical trapping and sensing, high-capacity data storage, and optical information security.

physics.optics↗
arXiv2025

Nearest-Neighbor Tight-Binding Realization of Hyperbolic Lattices with $\mathbb{Z}_2$ Gauge Structures

A systematic framework for realizing $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge extensions of hyperbolic lattices within the nearest-neighbor tight-binding formalism is developed. Using the triangle group $Δ(2,8,8)$ as an example, we classify all inequivalent projective symmetry groups by computing the second cohomology group $H^2(Δ(2,8,8),\mathbb{Z}_2)$. Each class corresponds to a distinct flux configuration and can be constructed by tight-binding models to verify the symmetry relations of the extended group. The translation subgroups of the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ extended lattices are associated with high genus surfaces, which follows the Riemann-Hurwitz formula. By applying the Abelian hyperbolic band theory, we find the all-flat dispersions along specific directions in momentum space and van Hove singularities correlated with discrete eigenenergies. Our results establish a general route to investigate gauge-extended hyperbolic lattices and provide a foundation for further studying symmetry fractionalization and spin liquid phases in non-Euclidean geometries.

physics.optics↗
arXiv2025

Unlock giant nonreciprocity via multi-valued behavior of non-Hermitian zero-index materials

Although Einstein's field equations are time-independent, the multivalued feature of the horizon of a blackhole naturally enables the one-way transmission, leading to the strong arrow of time from the time-independent gravitational interaction. Here we experimentally demonstrate a photonic analogue of this principle and reveal the infinite nonreciprocity of the time-reversal-symmetric Maxwell equations. By designing a non-Hermitian zero-index magneto-optical metawaveguide, we introduce multivalued feature to this metawaveguide's complex eigenspace via an exceptional point with non-zero residue, bringing nonlocal, path-dependent historical memory to the system. Hence, a weak magneto-optical response can direct forward and backward waves to two photonic branches with largely distinct momenta and losses, leading to the optical nonreciprocity far beyond the limitation imposed by the magneto-optical material. We fabricated an a-Si/Ce:YIG metawaveguide, achieving nonreciprocal phase shift of 47.78 rad/mm and nonreciprocal loss of 53.9 dB/mm near 1575 nm, exceeding state-of-the-art nonreciprocal devices by an order of magnitude. Our principle universally applies from microwave to visible frequencies, leading to compact isolators, circulators, and sensors. Our principle can also be extended to nonreciprocal acoustic, elastic, and thermal systems. The proposed new paradigm -- geometry-based strong arrow of time in covariant and reversible physical systems -- has broad implications in many disciplines including string theory, cosmology, and astronomy.

physics.optics↗
arXiv2025

Direct observation of photonic spin Hall effect in Mie scattering

The photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE), a hallmark of spin-orbit interaction of light, has long been considered a promising route toward spin-controlled functionalities in nanophotonics. Yet, its practical realization has been severely limited by the inherently weak spin-orbit coupling in typical systems, resulting in vanishingly small transverse shifts and extremely low scattering efficiency. This fundamental trade-off has rendered the PSHE observable only through complex weak measurement protocols and signal amplification-approaches that come at the cost of further intensity loss, particularly in nanoscale systems. In this work, we overcome this longstanding challenge by introducing a novel mechanism based on symmetry breaking and mode coupling in a standalone scatterer, which unlocks a regime of Friedrich-Wintgen superscattering with strong near-field spin-orbit interaction. This allows for simultaneous enhancement of both the photonic spin Hall shift and the far-field scattering intensity-boosting the latter by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to conventional dipolar particles. Through tailored multipolar interference, the PSHE is made accessible at experimentally convenient angles, enabling post selection-free detection. We report the first direct experimental observation of the PSHE from a single superscattering particle, achieved in the microwave regime via polarization-resolved far-field measurements. Our findings not only validate a new physical pathway for enhancing spin-dependent light-matter interactions, but also establish a robust, scalable platform for spin-based photonic technologies. This breakthrough opens new avenues in precision optical metrology, advanced imaging, LIDAR systems, and integrated photonic circuitry, bridging a critical gap between fundamental spin optics and real-world applications.

physics.optics↗
arXiv2025

Light-cone-proximal quasi-BICs for chiral lasing at grazing angles

Chiral quasi-bound states in the continuum (q-BICs) have recently emerged in metaphotonics as resonances that combine ultrahigh quality factors with near-unity circular polarization. However, these states are typically confined to the Gamma-point (normal incidence) due to their symmetry-protected origins. We propose a new mechanism for realizing light-cone-proximal chiral q-BICs at large oblique angles, enabled by the divergence of the radiative local density of states near the light cone. Using dielectric metasurfaces with a monoclinic lattice and broken in-plane mirror symmetry, we demonstrate that tuning the lattice angle allows for robust control of these resonances. The resulting chiral q-BICs exhibit near-unity circular dichroism in transmission and fully circularly polarized emission at angles exceeding 50 degrees from normal. This approach paves the way for directional chiral lasing at grazing angles and for photonic devices operating efficiently in off-normal geometries.

physics.optics↗
arXiv2025

Weyl Semimetals: from Principles, Materials to Applications

Weyl semimetals have attracted significant interest in condensed matter physics and materials science, due to their unique electronic and topological properties. These characteristics not only deepen our understanding of fundamental quantum phenomena, but also make Weyl semimetals promising candidates for advanced applications in electronics, photonics, and spintronics. This review provides a systematic overview of the field, covering theoretical foundations, material synthesis, engineering strategies, and emerging device applications. We first outline the key theoretical principles and distinctive properties of Weyl semimetals, followed by an examination of recent advancements that enhance their functional versatility. Finally, we discuss the critical challenges hindering their practical implementation and explore future development directions, along with the potential for expanding and enhancing their existing range of applications. By integrating discussions of both opportunities and obstacles, this review offers a balanced perspective on current progress and future directions in Weyl semimetal research.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗
arXiv2024

Photonic torons, topological phase transition and tunable spin monopoles

Creation and control of topological complex excitations play crucial roles in both fundamental physics and modern information science. Torons are a sophisticated class of 3D chiral polar topological structures with both skyrmionic quasiparticle textures and monopole point defects, so far only observed in liquid crystal nonpolar models. Here, we experimentally construct torons with the photonic spin of vector structured light and demonstrate the topological phase transitions among diverse topological states: torons, hopfions, skyrmioniums and monopole pairs. We can also continually tune the toron's chirality and the helical spin textures of emerging monopole pairs. The birth of photonic torons and tunable monopoles opens a flexible platform for studying nontrivial light-matter interaction and topological informatics.

physics.optics↗
arXiv2024

Observation of quantum strong Mpemba effect

An ancient and counterintuitive phenomenon know as the Mpemba effect (water can cool faster when initially heated up) showcases the critical role of initial conditions in relaxation processes. How to realize and utilize this effect for speeding up relaxation is an important but challenging task in purely quantum system till now. Here, we report the first experiment, as far as we know,about the strong Mpemba effect in a single trapped ion system in which an exponentially expedited relaxation in time is observed by preparing an optimal initial state with no excitation of the slowest decaying mode. Also, we find that the condition of realizing such effect coincides with the Liouvillian exceptional point, featuring the coalescence of both the eigenvalues and the eigenmodes of the system. Our work provides an efficient strategy to exponentially accelerate relaxations of quantum system to their stationary state, and suggests a link unexplored yet between the Mpemba effect and the non-Hermitian physics. It could open up the door to engineer a wide range of dissipative quantum systems by utilizing the anomalous Mpemba effect, for applications in quantum simulation and quantum information processing.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2024

One-way heat transfer in deep-subwavelength thermophotonics

Nonreciprocal thermophotonics, by breaking Lorentz reciprocity, exceeds current theoretical efficiency limits, unlocking opportunities to energy devices and thermal management. However, energy transfer in current systems is highly defect-sensitive. This sensitivity is further amplified at deep subwavelength scales by inevitable multi-source interactions, interface wrinkles, and manufacturing tolerances, making precise control of thermal photons increasingly challenging. Here, we demonstrate a topological one-way heat transport in a deep-subwavelength thermophotonic lattice. This one-way heat flow, driven by global resonances, is strongly localized at the geometric boundaries and exhibits exceptional robustness against imperfections and disorder, achieving nearly five orders of radiative enhancement. Our findings offer a blueprint for developing robust thermal systems capable of withstanding strong perturbations.

physics.optics↗