Beyond Kitaev exchange: $Γ'$-driven magnetism in Ag$_3$LiRh$_2$O$_6$
In Kitaev magnets, frustration arises from bond-dependent spin anisotropic interactions, which can potentially realize sought-after quantum spin liquid phases. However, material realizations with dominating Kitaev exchange are scarce and the broad parameter space of extended Kitaev models remains largely unexplored experimentally. Here, we use density-functional theory, cluster many-body, spin-wave, and density-matrix renormalization calculations to show that the recently discovered honeycomb rhodate Ag$_3$LiRh$_2$O$_6$ hosts an off-diagonal exchange $Γ_1'$ that is second in magnitude only to the ferromagnetic Kitaev exchange $K_1$. This combination of $K_1$ and $Γ_1'$ explains key experimental observations, an unusually high magnetic ordering temperature of 94 K at ambient pressure and its rapid decrease under hydrostatic pressure as Ag$_3$LiRh$_2$O$_6$ evolves from ferromagnetic toward zigzag order within the honeycomb planes. Our spin-wave calculations further predict an unusual topology of the magnon bands arising from the $Γ_1'$ term in the spin Hamiltonian of the honeycomb layer. We show that the large trigonal splitting of $t_{2g}$ states enhances $Γ_1'$, the hitherto underappreciated term in Kitaev magnets, and opens the way to new interesting regimes of the extended Kitaev model.