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George Grätzer

Publications and source records attributed to George Grätzer.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2026

Generalizing the $A^A$ Problem for Finite Ordered Sets

Let X and Y be finite ordered sets and let $X^Y$ denote the ordered set of order-preserving maps from $Y$ to $X$. Let $t$ be a~term formed from a~single variable by exponentiation. We prove that, for every term $t$ with at most twelve variable occurrences and arbitrary finite ordered sets $A,B$, $t(A)\cong t(B)$ implies that $A\cong B$. General constructions and reconstruction principles are developed first; the second part gives the occurrence-by-occurrence proofs. At twelve occurrences the proof covers 4,766 interchange normal forms, representing all 58,786 binary parenthesizations, including 40 exceptional forms. Two additional unbounded reconstruction families, complete finite audit data, and 457 exact height-comparison certificates are included.

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arXiv2025

Notes on the ordered set $A^A$ II. Higher Exponentials

For the finite ordered sets $A, D$, write $A^D$ for the ordered set of isotone maps $D \to A$ with the pointwise order. It was proved in earlier work that the order structure of $A^A$ determines~$A$ up to isomorphism. In this note we extend the result to higher function ordered sets such as $A^{(A^A)}$ and $(A^A)^A$. Our main theorem shows that the structure of $A^D$ determines~$A$.

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arXiv2023

Planar, infinite, semidistributive lattices

An FN lattice $F$ is a simple, infinite, semidistributive lattice. Its existence was recently proved by R. Freese and J.\,B. Nation. Let $\mathsf{B}_n$ denote the Boolean lattice with $n$ atoms. For a lattice $K$, let $K^+$ denote $K$ with a new unit adjoined. We prove that the finite distributive lattices: $\mathsf{B}_0^+, \mathsf{B}_1^+,\mathsf{B}_2^+, \dots$ can be represented as congruence lattices of infinite semidistributive lattices. The case $n = 0$ is the Freese-Nation result, which is utilized in the proof. We also prove some related representation theorems.

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arXiv2023

On a property of congruence lattices of slim, planar, semimodular lattices

In a 2121 paper with Gábor Czédli, we introduced and verified the Three-pendant Three-crown Property, 3P3C, for congruence lattices of slim, planar, semimodular lattices. The proof is very long; in part, because it relies on Czédli's 2021 paper on lamps. This paper verifies 3P3C using the Swing Lemma, an elementary and short approach.

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arXiv2023

An open problem on congruences of finite lattices

Let $L$ be a planar semimodular lattice. We call $L$ \emph{slim}, if it has no $\mthree$ sublattice. Let us define an \emph{SPS lattice} as a slim, planar, semimodular lattice $L$. In 2016, I proved a property of congruences of SPS lattices (Two-cover Property) and raised the problem of characterizing them. Since then, more than 50 papers have been published contributing to this problem. In this survey, I provide an overview of this field with major contributions by Gábor Czédli.

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arXiv2022

On slim rectangular lattices

Let $L$ be a slim, planar, semimodular lattice (slim means that it does not contain an ${\mathsf M}_3$-sublattice). We call the interval $I = [o, i]$ of $L$ \emph{rectangular}, if there are complementary $a, b \in I$ such that $a$ is to the left of $b$. We claim that a rectangular interval of a slim rectangular lattice is also a slim rectangular lattice. We will present some applications, including a recent result of G. Czédli. In a paper with E. Knapp about a dozen years ago, we introduced natural diagrams} for slim rectangular lattices. Five years later, G. Czédli introduced ${\E C}_1$-diagrams} We prove that they are the same.

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arXiv2022

Another research note

Let $L$ be a slim, planar, semimodular lattice (slim means that it does not contain ${\mathsf M}_3$-sublattices). We call the interval $I = [o, i]$ of $L$ \emph{rectangular}, if there are $u_l, u_r \in [o, i] - \{o,i\}$ such that $i = u_l \vee u_r$ and $o = u_l \wedge u_r$ where $u_l$ is to the left of $u_r$. \emph{The first result}: a rectangular interval of a rectangular lattice is a rectangular lattice. As an application, we get a recent result of G. Czédli. In a 2017 paper, G. Czédli introduced a very powerful diagram type for slim, planar, semimodular lattices, the \emph{$\mathcal{C}_1$-diagrams}. We revisit the concept of \emph{natural diagrams} I introduced with E.~Knapp about a dozen years ago. Given a slim rectangular lattice $L$, we construct its natural diagram in one simple step. \emph{The second result} shows that for a slim rectangular lattice, a~natural diagram is the same as a $\mathcal{C}_1$-diagram. Therefore, natural diagrams have all the nice properties of $\mathcal{C}_1$-diagrams.

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arXiv2022

Homomorphisms of distributive lattices as restrictions of congruences. III. Rectangular lattices and two convex sublattices

Let $L$ be a finite lattice and let $I$ be an ideal of $L$. Then the restriction map is a bounded lattice homomorphism of the congruence lattice of~$L$ into the congruence lattice of $I$. In a 2009 paper, the authors proved the converse. In a 2012 paper, G. Czédli proved an analogous result for rectangular lattices. In this paper, we prove a stronger form of Czédli's result and provide a short, elementary, and direct proof.

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arXiv2021

Using the Swing Lemma and $\mathcal{C}_1$-diagrams for congruences of planar semimodular lattices

A planar semimodular lattice $K$ is \emph{slim} if $\mathsf{M}_{3}$ is not a sublattice of~$K$. In a recent paper, G. Czédli found four new properties of congruence lattices of slim, planar, semimodular lattices, including the \emph{No Child Property}: \emph{Let~$\mathcal{P}$ be the ordered set of join-irreducible congruences of $K$. Let $x,y,z \in \mathcal{P}$ and let $z$ be a~maximal element of $\mathcal{P}$. If $x \neq y$ and $x, y \prec z$ in $\mathcal{P}$, then there is no element $u$ of $\mathcal{P}$ such that $u \prec x, y$ in $\mathcal{P}$.} We are applying my Swing Lemma, 2015, and a type of standardized diagrams of Czédli's, to verify his four properties.

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arXiv2021

Characterizing representability by principal congruences for finite distributive lattices with a join-irreducible unit element

For a finite distributive lattice $D$, let us call $Q \subseteq D$ \emph{principal congruence representable}, if there is a finite lattice $L$ such that the congruence lattice of $L$ is isomorphic to $D$ and the principal congruences of $L$ correspond to $Q$ under this isomorphism. We find a necessary condition for representability by principal congruences and prove that for finite distributive lattices with a join-irreducible unit element this condition is also sufficient.

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arXiv2021

Zilber's Theorem for planar lattices, revisited

Zilber's Theorem states that a finite lattice $L$ is planar if{}f it has a complementary order relation. We provide a new proof for this crucial result and discuss some applications, including a canonical form for finite planar lattices and an analysis of coverings in the left-right order.

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arXiv2021

Using the Swing Lemma and Czédli diagrams for congruences of planar semimodular lattices

A planar semimodular lattice $K$ is \emph{slim} if $\mathsf{M}_3$ is not a sublattice of~$K$. In a recent paper, G. Czédli found four new properties of congruence lattices of slim, planar, semimodular lattices, including the \emph{No Child Property}: \emph{Let~$P$ be the ordered set of join-irreducible congruences of $K$. Let $x,y,z \in P$ and let $z$ be a~maximal element of $P$. If $x \neq y$, $x, y \prec z$ in $P$, then there is no element $u$ of $P$ such that $u \prec x, y$ in $P$.} We are applying my Swing Lemma, 2015, and a type of standardized diagrams of Czédli's, to verify Czédli's four properties.

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arXiv2021

A new property of congruence lattices of slim, planar, semimodular lattices

The systematic study of planar semimodular lattices started in 2007 with a series of papers by G. Grätzer and E. Knapp. These lattices have connections with group theory and geometry. A planar semimodular lattice $L$ is {\it slim} if $M_3$ it is not a sublattice of $L$. In his 2016 monograph, "The Congruences of a Finite Lattice, A \emph{Proof-by-Picture Approach}", the second author asked for a characterization of congruence lattices of slim, planar, semimodular lattices. In addition to distributivity, both authors have previously found specific properties of these congruence lattices. In this paper, we present a new property, the {\it Three-pendant Three-crown Property}. The proof is based on the first author's papers: 2014 (multifork extensions), 2017 ($\mathcal C_1$-diagrams), and a recent paper (lamps), introducing the tools we need.

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arXiv2015

Homomorphisms and principal congruences of bounded lattices

Two years ago, I characterized the order $\Princl L$ of principal congruences of a bounded lattice $L$ as a bounded order. If $K$ and $L$ are bounded lattices and $\gf$ is a \zo homomorphism of $K$ into~$L$, then there is a natural isotone \zo-map $\gf_{\Hom}$ from $\Princl K$ into $\Princl L$. We prove the converse: For bounded orders $P$ and $Q$ and an isotone \zo map $\gy$ of $P$ into $Q$, we represent $P$ and $Q$ as $\Princl K$ and $\Princl L$ for bounded lattices $K$ and $L$ with a \zo homomorphism $\gf$ of $K$ into $L$, so that $\gy$ is represented as $\gf_{\Hom}$.

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