arXiv subjects

Guo-Liang Yu

Publications and source records attributed to Guo-Liang Yu.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Updated $Σ_{c}$ excitation spectrum including the $2P$- and $1F$-wave fine structures

In order to study the new $Σ_{c}$ baryons observed by the LHCb collaboration recently, we update the previously predicted $Σ_{c}$ excitation spectrum by extending the excited states up to the highly excited $2P$- and $1F$-wave states. The calculation is performed in the framework of the relativized quark model and Gaussian expansion method by considering the mixing effect. The radially and orbitally excited states in the calculation are determined by the truncation convention proposed in this work and the mechanism of the heavy-quark dominance. The contribution of each Hamiltonian term to the energy levels is precisely calculated by using the two-step Gaussian expansion method. Then, the concerned $Σ_{c}$ states are obtained and the $Σ_{c}$ excitation spectrum including the $2P$- and $1F$-wave fine structures is established. Based on these, several important topics are discussed and analyzed, including the root-mean-square radii, off-diagonal matrix elements, mixing effect, fine structures and assignments of the newly observed $Σ_{c}(2800)^{0}$, $Σ_{c}(2900)^{0}$ and $Σ_{c}(3200)^{0}$ states. Meanwhile, it is found that the approximate decoupling phenomenon emerges in different $nL$-wave groups. This implies the reasonability of the truncation convention and is of great significance for further improving the calculation scheme for all the baryon spectra. Moreover, it is demonstrated that in the very high-lying $nL$-wave groups such as the $1F$-wave group, the energy level gaps become small even degenerate, and each of the baryon states has a big radius and therefore a loosely bound structure. In addition, by examining the experimental and calculated data, we suggest more precise experiments to search for more $Σ_{c}$ baryon states in the predicted $1P$- and $2P$-wave fine structures whose central energies are around 2822 and 3210 MeV, respectively.

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arXiv2026

Form factors and weak decays of $Λ_b\toΛ_c^(2595)$ and $Ξ_b\toΞ_c^(2790)$

In this article, we reanalyze the mass and pole residue of $Λ$-type singly heavy baryons with spin-parity $J^P=1/2^{\pm}$ using two-point QCD sum rules. Then, we investigate the electroweak transition form factors of $Λ_b\toΛ^*_c(2595)$ and $Ξ_b\toΞ^*_c(2790)$ within the framework of three-point QCD sum rules. At the hadron side, all possible couplings of the interpolating currents to hadronic states are taken into account, while at the QCD side, both the perturbative part and vacuum condensate contributions up to dimension-8 are included. Using the obtained form factors, we calculate the decay widths and branching ratios for the semileptonic decays $Λ_b\toΛ^*_c(2595)\ell\barν_\ell$ and $Ξ_b\toΞ^*_c(2790)\ell\barν_\ell$ ($\ell=e,μ$ and $τ$), as well as for the corresponding nonleptonic decays $Λ_b\toΛ^*_c(2595)π[ρ]$, $Λ_b\toΛ^*_c(2595)K[K^*]$, $Ξ_b\toΞ^*_c(2790)π[ρ]$ and $Ξ_b\toΞ^*_c(2790)K[K^*]$. Our estimates for the branching ratios of $Λ_b\toΛ^*_c(2595)\ell\barν_\ell$ are comparable with the experimental data and other theoretical results. These results can provide valuable references for future measurements. In addition, we present predictions for several observables in these semileptonic decays, including the lepton universality ratio, the forward-backward asymmetry $A_{FB}$, and the asymmetry parameter $α$, which can provide useful references for future experiments to test the Standard Model and probe new physics beyond it.

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arXiv2026

Spin-dependent interactions and fine structure in the negative-parity singly heavy baryons

In order to meet the high-precision measurement of the current baryon spectroscopy, for the first time, we rigorously analyze the spin-dependent interactions and the fine structure of the negative-parity singly heavy baryons in the relativized quark model, which was previously unfeasible in the three-quark system. This gains access to the exploration of the strong interactions dominated by the non-perturbative QCD, and reveals how the various forms of strong interactions in a baryon compete with each other, affect the evolution of the energy levels, cause the energy level splitting and contribute to the mixing effect responsible for the formation of the fine structures. It is shown that the rigorous calculation can nicely reproduce the data, the averaged deviation between the calculated and experimental energy levels is less than 5 MeV for the negative-parity singly heavy baryons. This confirms the reliability of the calculation and also helps make reasonable assignments for the observed negative-parity baryons. The large amount of data obtained by the rigorous calculations contains a wealth of interaction information and is helpful for both of the theoretical and experimental studies. The key to the rigorous calculation in this work is the proposal of a new method, namely the two-step Gaussian expansion method. This new method not only overcomes the long-standing unresolved problem in the relativized quark model, but also provides an effective approach for the high-precision calculation of other few-body systems such as the compact tetraquarks and pentaquarks, especially for the treatment of spin-orbit interactions and tensor interactions which actually appear ubiquitously in all of quantum many-body systems.

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arXiv2026

The form factors of transition process $\mathcal{B}_{Q_{1}Q_{2}}(\frac{1}{2}^{+})\rightarrow\mathcal{B}_{Q_{1}}^{*}(\frac{3}{2}^{+})$ and their applications to semileptonic decays

In the framework of QCD sum rules, we obtain the form factors of the weak transition process $\mathcal{B}_{Q_{1}Q_{2}}(\frac{1}{2}^{+})\rightarrow\mathcal{B}_{Q_{1}}^{*}(\frac{3}{2}^{+})$. In this analysis, we eliminate the interferences of the low spin states and negative parity states to final results by employing 16 different dirac structures. As an application, these form factors are finally used to analyze the semileptonic decays of $\mathcal{B}_{Q_{1}Q_{2}}(\frac{1}{2}^{+})\rightarrow\mathcal{B}_{Q_{1}}^{*}(\frac{3}{2}^{+})lν$, where these decays are driven by the transition processes $c\rightarrow d/s+l^{+}+ν_{l}$ and $b\rightarrow u+l^{-}+\overlineν_{l}$. The predicted physical quantities include not only the partial widths, ratios of $Γ_{L}/Γ_{T}$ and the branching fractions, but also some observables such as the forward-backward asymmetry parameter $A_{FB}^{l}$ of lepton, the $P_z^{F}$ component of the polarization vector for daughter baryon and the longitudinal polarization of the lepton $P_z^{l}$. We hope all of these theoretical predictions about the weak decays will be helpful for studying the properties of doubly heavy baryons in experiments in the future.

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arXiv2026

The $Λ_cΣ_c$ dibaryon and $\barΛ_cΣ_c\pm \barΣ_cΛ_c$ baryonium states via the QCD sum rules

In the present work, we study the $Λ_cΣ_c$ dibaryon and $\barΛ_cΣ_c\pm \barΣ_cΛ_c$ baryonium states via the QCD sum rules. We construct four (eight) currents with definite $J^P$ ($J^{PC}$) to interpolate the dibaryon (baryonium) states and obtain twelve QCD sum rules. For the dibaryon states, the state with the $J^P=1^+$ lies below the $Λ_cΣ_c$ threshold, and is a molecule candidate. For the baryonium states, the states with the $J^P=0^{-\pm}$ and $1^{-\pm}$ lie below the $\barΛ_cΣ_c$ threshold, and are four molecule candidates. The present predictions can be confronted to the experimental data in the future and make contributions to the exotic spectroscopy.

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arXiv2026

The semileptonic decays of $Ω_{b}^{}$, $Σ_{b}^{}$ and $Ξ_{b}^{\prime*}$ baryons

In this article, we employ the QCD sum rules basing on three-point correlation function to systematically analyze the transition form factors for the semileptonic decays of the spin $\frac{3}{2}^{+}$ bottom baryons ($Ω_{b}^{*}$, $Σ_{b}^{*}$, and $Ξ_{b}^{\prime *}$) to their corresponding spin $\frac{1}{2}^{+}$ charmed partners. On the phenomenological side, we eliminate the contaminations of the baryons with negative parity and those with lower spin states. The operator product expansion is carried out up to dimension-six condensates, including the perturbative part, quark condensate $\langle \bar{q} q\rangle$, gluon condensate $\langle g_{s}^{2}GG\rangle$, mixed condensate $\langle \bar{q} g_{s}σGq\rangle$, and four-quark condensates $\langle \bar{q} q\rangle^{2}$ and $g_{s}^{2}\langle \bar{q} q\rangle^{2}$. The form factors are evaluated in the space-like region and then are fitted into the time-like physical region via a $z$-series expansion approach. Finally, the semileptonic decay widths for $Ω_{b}^{*}$, $Σ_{b}^{*}$ and $Ξ_{b}^{\prime*}$ baryons are calculated with our predicted form factors, and various polarization observables are also predicted. The predicted results in this work are compared with those predicted by other collaborations, and are expected to be useful for studying the properties of these singly heavy baryons.

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arXiv2026

Analysis of the two-body strong decays of the hidden-charm pentaquark states in QCD sum rules

In the present work, we study the two-body strong decays of the hidden-charm pentaquark states with the quark content $uudc\bar c$ and the quantum numbers $I(J^P)=\frac{1}{2}(\frac{1}{2}^-)$ in the framework of the three-point QCD sum rules. The initial pentaquark states are described by four local diquark-diquark-antiquark type interpolating currents with definite isospin. We construct the three-point correlation functions for the decay channels $P_c\to η_c p$, $J/ψp$, $Λ_c\bar D$, $Λ_c\bar D^{*}$ and $Σ_c\bar D$, and derive the corresponding QCD sum rules for the strong coupling constants. At the hadron side, the correlation functions are expressed in terms of the hadron masses, pole residues, decay constants and strong coupling constants. At the QCD side, they are calculated by carrying out the operator product expansion with the full quark propagators, where the vacuum condensates up to dimension 10 are taken into account. After matching the two representations and performing the double Borel transformations, we extract the strong coupling constants from the selected Lorentz structures. With the obtained coupling constants, we evaluate the partial decay widths and discuss the possible assignments of the corresponding pentaquark states. The numerical results indicate that two of the compact hidden-charm pentaquark states can be related to the $P_c(4312)$ and $P_c(4457)$, respectively, while the other two lower-mass states may be regarded as possible hidden-charm pentaquark candidates to be searched for in future experiments. The present results may be useful for identifying the hidden-charm pentaquark states in future experiments.

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arXiv2026

Low-lying singly heavy baryon states based on the rigorous calculation with the relativized quark model

In this work, the low-lying $\mathbf{6}_{F}$ singly heavy baryon states with positive-parity are studied in detail in the framework of the relativized quark model by using the improved calculation scheme which has successfully explained the fine structure of the low-lying negative-parity singly heavy baryons. The complete mass spectra of all the singly heavy baryon families obtained in the same framework and calculation scheme are systematically analyzed. The baryon states marked with (mass)$J^{P}$ are obtained by considering the mixing effect rigorously. It is found that the mixing effect in the singly heavy baryons depends on the flavor symmetry of the two light quarks and the baryon parity. The results show that the high-precision calculation can reproduce most of the data perfectly, and the statistical error between the calculated masses and the experimental data is only 6.96 MeV. This confirms the reliability of the improved calculation scheme. The rigorous calculation achieved by the two-step GEM enables us to analyze the detailed behavior of the various strong interaction components within the baryons with a high-precision and discover the truth of the ``soft QCD''. The large amount of data obtained in this work serves as the reliable references for related experimental and theoretical researches.

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arXiv2026

Analysis of the semileptonic decays $Σ_b\toΣ_cl\barν_l$, $Ξ'_b\toΞ'_cl\barν_l$ and $Ω_b\toΩ_cl\barν_l$ in QCD sum rules

In this article, the electroweak transition form factors of $Σ_b\toΣ_c$, $Ξ'_b\toΞ'_c$ and $Ω_b\toΩ_c$ are analyzed within the framework of three-point QCD sum rules. In phenomenological side, all possible couplings of interpolating current to hadronic states are considered, and the Dirac structure dependence on the form factors is systematically eliminated. In QCD side, our calculation incorporates both the perturbative part and the contributions from vacuum condensates up to dimension 8. This systematic inclusion of higher-dimensional terms accounts for a broader set of Feynman diagrams, thereby enhancing the comprehensiveness and reliability of the operator product expansion. Using the obtained form factors, we study the partial widths of semileptonic decays $Σ_b\toΣ_cl\barν_l$, $Ξ'_b\toΞ'_cl\barν_l$ and $Ω_b\toΩ_cl\barν_l$ ($l=e$, $μ$ and $τ$). The results indicate that these decay widths approximately satisfy SU(3) flavor symmetry. Next, we calculate the branching ratios for the decay process $Ω_b\toΩ_cl\barν_l$ and compare them with the results from other collaborations. Furthermore, the lepton universality ratios and some asymmetry parameters of these decay processes are also analyzed, which provide information for the study of new physics. We hope that these results will serve as a useful reference for future theoretical and experimental studies of weak decays involving heavy flavor baryons.

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arXiv2026

Systematic analysis of the form factors of $B_{c}$ to $P$-wave charmonia and corresponding weak decays

In this article, the vector, axial vector and tensor form factors of $B_{c}\to χ_{cJ}$ ($J=0,1,2$) and $B_{c}\to h_{c}$ are analyzed within the framework of three-point QCD sum rules. With the calculated vector and axial vector form factors, we directly study the decay widths and branching ratios of semileptonic decays $B_{c}^{-}\to χ_{cJ}l \barν_l, h_{c}l \barν_l$ $(l=e, μ$ and $τ)$ and analyze the nonleptonic decays $B_{c}^{-}\to χ_{cJ}π^{-}, χ_{cJ}K^{-}, χ_{cJ}ρ^{-}, χ_{cJ}K^{*-}$, $B_{c}^{-}\to h_{c}π^{-}, h_{c}K^{-}, h_{c}ρ^{-}, h_{c}K^{*-}$ by using the naive factorization approach (NFA). These results can provide more information to understand the properties of $B_{c}$ meson and $P$-wave charmonia and to study the heavy quark dynamics.

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arXiv2026

Analysis of the semileptonic decays of $Ξ_{cc}$ and $Ω_{cc}$ baryons in QCD sum rules

We firstly carry out a systematic analysis on the spin $\frac{1}{2}^{+}\rightarrow\frac{3}{2}^{+}$ weak transition process in the framework of three-point QCD sum rules, where the initial and final states are doubly and singly charmed baryons. In the phenomenological side, all possible couplings of interpolating current to hadronic states are considered. In doing operator production expansion at QCD side, the contributions of the perturbative part, vacuum condensate terms of $\langle{\bar qq}\rangle$, $\langle g_{s}^{2}GG\rangle$, $\langle \bar q g_{s}σGq\rangle$ and $g_{s}^{2}\langle{\bar qq}\rangle^{2}$ are all considered. After the form factors in space-like region ($Q^2>0$) are obtained, the numerical results are extrapolated into time-like region ($Q^2<0$) by a fitting function. Using the predicted form factors, we finally analyze the semileptonic decays of $Ξ_{cc}^{++}\rightarrow Σ_{c}^{*+}l^{+}ν_{l}$, $Ξ_{cc}^{++}\rightarrow Ξ_{c}^{\prime*+}l^{+}ν_{l}$, $Ω_{cc}^{+}\rightarrowΞ_{c}^{\prime*0}l^{+}ν_{l}$ and $Ω_{cc}^{+}\rightarrow Ω_{c}^{*0}l^{+}ν_{l}$ with $l=e,μ$. The predictions in this work can deepen our understanding of the dynamics in the decay processes of doubly heavy baryons and provide useful information to explore the possibility of new physics in heavy baryonic decay channels.

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arXiv2025

Systematic analysis of the transition form factors of $B_c$ to $D$-wave charmonia and corresponding semileptonic decays

In this article, the vector, axial vector and tensor form factors of $B_c$ to $D$-wave charmonia $ψ_J$ ($J=1,2,3$) and $η_{c2}$ are analyzed within the framework of three-point QCD sum rules. With the estimated vector and axial vector form factors, we study the decay widths and branching ratios of semileptonic decays $B_c\toψ_Jl\bar{ν_l}$ and $B_c\toη_{c2}l\bar{ν_l}$. Our results indicate that the semileptonic decay branching ratios of $B_c$ to $D$-wave charmonia decreases as the total angler momentum of the final state $D$-wave charmonia increases. For decay processes $B_c\to ψ_1l\barν_l$, $B_c\to ψ_2[η_{c2}]l\barν_l$ and $B_c\to ψ_3l\barν_l$, the branching ratios can reach the order $10^{-3}$, $10^{-4}$ and $10^{-5}$, respectively, which can provide a valuable reference for future experimental measurements for $B_c$ meson by LHCb collaboration. Furthermore, these results also can provide useful information to study the properties of $B_c$ meson and $D$-wave charmonia.

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arXiv2025

Analysis of the semileptonic decays $Λ_b\toΛ_cl\barν_l$ and $Ξ_b\toΞ_cl\barν_l$ in QCD sum rules

In this article, the electroweak transition form factors of $Λ_b\toΛ_c$ and $Ξ_b\toΞ_c$ are analyzed within the framework of three-point QCD sum rules. In phenomenological side, all possible couplings of interpolating current to hadronic states are considered. In QCD side, the perturbative part and the contributions of vacuum condensates up to dimension 8 are also included. With the estimated form factors, we study the decay widths and branching ratios of semileptonic decays $Λ_b\toΛ_cl\barν_l$ and $Ξ_b\toΞ_cl\barν_l$ ($l=e,μ$ and $τ$). Our results for the branching ratios of $Λ_b\toΛ_cl\barν_l$ are comparable with experimental data and the results from other collaborations. In addition, our prediction for the branching ratio of $Ξ_b\toΞ_cl\barν_l$ can provide a valuable reference for future experimental measurements.

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arXiv2025

Mass spectra of doubly heavy baryons in the relativized quark model with heavy-quark dominance

In the framework of the relativized quark model, the mass spectra of the doubly heavy baryons are rigorously calculated in the three-quark system under the heavy-quark dominance mechanism, by using the Gaussian expansion method and the infinitesimally-shifted Gaussian basis functions. With the obtained mass spectra of all doubly heavy baryon families, the contribution of each Hamiltonian term to the energy levels is analyzed. It is found that the spin splitting is mainly determined by the spin-dependent interactions associated with the light quark. Moreover, it is shown that the spin splitting evolves regularly with the mass of heavy quarks by the evolution of the spectral structure, which is consistent with the heavy quark symmetry. Meanwhile, the orbital excitation is dominated by the $ρ$-mode, which is different from that of the singly heavy baryons. At last, our analysis indicates that the $Ξ_{cc}^{+}(3520)$ state should not exist truly and the $Ξ_{cc}^{++}(3621)$ should be the true ground state with $J^{P}$ = $\frac{1}{2}^{+}$. It is recommended to design the corresponding experiments to search for the $Ξ_{cc}^{*}$ in the energy range from 3694 to 3714 MeV.

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arXiv2025

Analysis of the strong vertices of hadronic molecules $DK$, $D^K$, $DK^$ and their bottom analogs

In this work, we analyze the strong vertices of hadronic molecules $DK$, $D^*K$, $DK^*$ and their bottom analogs within the framework of three-point QCD sum rules. The coupling between interpolating currents and low spin particles is considered in the phenomenological side, and the vacuum condensates $\left\langle \bar qq \right\rangle ,\left\langle g_s^2GG \right\rangle ,\left\langle \bar qg_sσGq \right\rangle ,\left\langle g_s^3GGG \right\rangle ,{\left\langle \bar qq \right\rangle ^2}$ are included in the QCD side. As an application of strong coupling constants, we also obtain the partial decay widths of these states, where $Γ_{T_{DK}\rightarrow D_sπ}=10.3_{-2.9}^{+3.0}\mathrm{KeV}$, $Γ_{T_{D^*K}\rightarrow D_s^*π}=24.8_{-5.4}^{+5.5}\mathrm{KeV}$, $Γ_{T_{BK}\rightarrow BK}=101_{-21}^{+36}\mathrm{MeV}$ and $Γ_{T_{B^*K}\rightarrow B^*K}=142_{-25}^{+52}\mathrm{MeV}$. It is shown that the results of $Γ_{T_{DK}\rightarrow D_sπ}$ and $Γ_{T_{D^*K}\rightarrow D_s^*π}$ are compatible with the experimental data of $D_{s0}^*(2317)$ and $D_{s1}(2460)$.

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arXiv2025

Analysis of the strong vertices $Λ_cD^{()}N^(1535)$ and $Λ_bB^{()}N^(1535)$ in QCD sum rules

In this article, we firstly analyze the mass and pole residue of negative parity nucleon $N^*(1535)$ within the two-point QCD sum rules. Basing on these results, we continuously study the strong coupling constants of vertices $Λ_cDN^*$, $Λ_cD^*N^*$, $Λ_bBN^*$ and $Λ_bB^*N^*$ in the framework of three-point QCD sum rules. At hadron side, all possible couplings of interpolating current to hadronic states are considered. At QCD side, the contributions of vacuum condensate terms $\langle\bar{q}q\rangle$, $\langle g_s^2GG\rangle$, $\langle\bar{q} g_sσGq\rangle$, $\langle\bar{q}q\rangle^2$ and $g_s^2\langle\bar{q}q\rangle^2$ are also considered. By setting the four momentum of $D^{(*)}[B^{(*)}]$ mesons off-shell, the strong coupling constants in deep space-like regions ($Q^2=-q^2\ggΛ_{QCD}^2$) are obtained. Then, the momentum dependent coupling constants in space-like regions are fitted into analytical function $G(Q^2)$ and are extrapolated into time-like regions ($Q^2<0$). Finally, the on-shell values of strong coupling constants are obtained by taking $Q^{2}=-m_{D^{(*)}[B^{(*)}]}^2$. The results are $G_{Λ_cDN^*}(Q^2=-m_D^2)=4.06^{+0.96}_{-0.75}$, $f_{Λ_cD^*N^*}(Q^2=-m_{D^*}^2)=3.73^{+0.68}_{-0.16}$, $g_{Λ_cD^*N^*}(Q^2=-m_{D^*}^2)=9.22^{+3.16}_{-0.36}$, $G_{Λ_bBN^*}(Q^2=-m_B^2)=9.11^{+1.54}_{-1.61}$, $f_{Λ_bB^*N^*}(Q^2=-m_{B^*}^2)=8.55^{+2.69}_{-2.21}$ and $g_{Λ_bB^*N^*}(Q^2=-m_{B^*}^2)=-0.25^{+0.16}_{-0.01}$.

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arXiv2025

Analysis of the hadronic molecules $DK$, $D^K$, $DK^$ and their bottom analogs with QCD sum rules

In this work, we construct the color-singlet-color-singlet type currents to study the masses and pole residues of charm-strange tetraquark states and their bottom analogs with $J^P$ = $0^+$ and $1^+$ by using two-point QCD sum rules, where the vacuum condensates are considered up to dimension 12. The predicted masses for $DK$, $D^*K$ and $DK^*$ molecular states are $2.322_{ - 0.072}^{ + 0.066}$ GeV, $2.457_{ - 0.068}^{ + 0.064}$ GeV and $2.538_{ - 0.062}^{ + 0.059}$ GeV. These results are consistent well with the experimental data of $D_{s0}(2317)$, $D_{s1}(2460)$ and ${D}_{s1}(2536)$, respectively. The theoretical results for $BK$ and $B^*K$ molecular states are $5.970_{ - 0.064}^{ + 0.061}$ GeV and $6.050_{ - 0.064}^{ + 0.062}$ GeV which are all higher than their own thresholds. Finally, the mass of hadronic molecule $BK^*$ is predicted to be $6.158_{ - 0.063}^{ + 0.061}$ GeV. This value is lower than the threshold of $BK^*$, which implies that it may be a bound hadronic molecular state.

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arXiv2025

Mass spectra of singly heavy baryons in the relativized quark model with heavy-quark dominance

The rigorous calculation of the spin-orbit terms in the three-quark system is realized based on the Gaussian expansion method and the infinitesimally-shifted Gaussian basis functions in the frame work of the relativized quark model, by ignoring the mixing between different excited states. Then, the complete mass spectra of the singly heavy baryons are obtained rigorously, under the mechanism of the heavy-quark dominance. On these bases, the systematical analyses are carried out for the reliability and predictive power of the model, the fine structure of the singly heavy baryon spectra, the assignments of the excited baryons, and some important topics about the heavy baryon spectroscopy such as the missing states, the `spin-orbit puzzle', the clustering effect, etc. The result confirms that under the heavy-quark dominance mechanism, the relativized quark model can describe the excitation spectra and the fine structures of the singly heavy baryons correctly and precisely.

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