Wideband Near- and Far-Field Double-Bounce Physical Optics via Co-Area Range Profile Extraction
Wideband evaluation of the Radar Cross Section (RCS) and the underlying range profile of a target, including its secondary double-bounce fields, remains a computational bottleneck even for modern high-frequency solvers. This paper presents a framework for evaluating the wideband range profile under the Physical Optics (PO) approximation without repeated frequency-domain iterations. Using phase level-set integration via the Co-Area formula, we project the single- and double-bounce scattered fields into frequency-independent Geometric Range Profiles (GRPs), valid in both the far-field and near-field regions. The approach builds on the Radon Transform interpretation of Physical Optics scattering. Unlike point-sampling methods, our discrete implementation bins the profile in range while retaining a complex-valued representation that encodes sub-bin phase corrections, so the field can be evaluated accurately at frequencies well beyond the nominal mesh resolution. We also derive a corresponding time-domain formulation for the scattered transient response to analytic incident pulses. We further show that the classical second-derivative area law for far-field transient scattering extends into the near field as a two-term expression in the derivatives of an isochrone projected area, which reduces to the classical law as the additional induction term decays with range.