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Hao-Ran Zhang

Publications and source records attributed to Hao-Ran Zhang.

13 recordsLinked to original sources

$E_\infty^{1,2}$-type Lieb-Schultz-Mattis anomalies, deconfined quantum critical points, and non-invertible symmetry breaking

We study deconfined quantum critical points (DQCP) associated with Lieb-Schultz-Mattis (LSM) anomalies in one-dimensional spin chains. Our starting point is a structural characterization of the LSM anomaly in the Lyndon-Hochschild-Serre spectral sequence: $\omega_{\mathrm{LSM}}\in E_\infty^{1,2}= H^1(\mathbb Z_{\mathrm{trans}},H^2(G_{\mathrm{int}},\mathrm{U}(1)))\subseteq H^3(G_{\mathrm{int}}\rtimes_{\rho}\mathbb Z_{\mathrm{trans}},\mathrm{U}(1))$. Physically, this class decorates a translation defect with a projective representation of the internal symmetry $G_\mathrm{int}$. We show that gauging the internal symmetry in the presence of an $E_\infty^{1,2}$-type anomaly necessarily produces a non-invertible dual symmetry. This gives a general mechanism for type-II DQCP: in contrast to type-I examples with $E_\infty^{2,1}$-type anomalies which are dual to ordinary group-like symmetry breaking, type-II transitions are dual to spontaneous breaking of a non-invertible symmetry. We illustrate the mechanism using a spin-$1/2$ chain with an anomalous $D_8$ LSM symmetry. We construct a dimer-to-ferromagnet DQCP candidate, provide numerical evidence for a critical theory with central charge $c\approx 1$, and show, using both category theory and explicit lattice constructions, that gauging the internal symmetry yields the non-invertible $\mathrm{Rep}(H_8)$ dual symmetry.

cond-mat.str-el

Design, Testing, and Commissioning of the Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU) 80 cm Infrared Telescope

The Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU) 80 cm telescope is a new generation near-infrared (NIR) facility in China dedicated to time-domain astronomy, while also serving as a testbed for emerging NIR cameras. Commissioned in October 2024 at the 4100 m Lenghu site on the Tibetan Plateau in China, the telescope adopts a reflective Cassegrain design with two Nasmyth foci for J and K bands. The J band imaging system, initially equipped with a 640 x 512 off-the-shelf InGaAs camera (INS Mars640) and upgraded in June 2025 to a 1280 x 1024 science-grade, deeply cooled camera (YNAOIR), achieves background-limited performance with a dark current of ~ 14 e-/s/pix and a readout noise of ~ 11 e-. The system reaches a limiting magnitude of J ~ 17 mag (Vega system) in single 20 s exposures and depths of J ~ 19.4 mag with stacked 30 minute exposures. For a variable with J ~ 14 mag during on-sky tests, the system delivers millimagnitude-level photometric precision. Since commissioning, the telescope observed transients such as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), supernovae and comets, variables including active galactic nuclei (AGNs), high-redshift quasars (z > 6), and brown dwarfs, as well as deep-field imaging reaching J ~ 20.5 mag. This validates the feasibility of using InGaAs cameras for astronomical observations, encouraging other institutions to develop dedicated infrared telescopes or integrate infrared cameras into existing optical telescopes.

astro-ph.IM

A Poincar\'e-covariant study of strange quark stars

We investigate the properties of dense quark matter and strange quark stars within a nonperturbative, Poincar\'e-covariant framework. Employing a symmetry-preserving vector$\,\otimes\,$vector contact interaction model, we extend the quark gap equation to the regime of zero temperature and finite quark chemical potential. From the resulting momentum-independent quark propagator, we construct the equation of state (EOS) and solve the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) equations to evaluate the mass-radius relations and tidal deformabilities of strange quark stars. We systematically analyze the sensitivity of the EOS and the macroscopic stellar properties to the model parameters, specifically the effective interaction strength and the ultraviolet cutoff. We demonstrate that reducing the coupling constant stiffens the EOS, whereas increasing the ultraviolet cutoff softens it. By confronting our predictions with multi-messenger astrophysical constraints-including pulsar mass measurements and gravitational-wave data-we identify parameter regimes that successfully describe current observations. Specifically, we find that parameter sets with $\alpha_{ir}=0.735\pi$, $\Lambda_{uv}=0.905\,\mathrm{GeV}$ and $\alpha_{ir}=0.588\pi$, $\Lambda_{uv}=0.9955\,\mathrm{GeV}$, alongside a vacuum bag pressure of $B \approx (0.106\,\mathrm{GeV})^4$, yield stellar properties in excellent agreement with empirical constraints.

nucl-th

Preparation of quasi-two-dimensional Bose mixture of ultracold $^{23}$Na and $^{87}$Rb atoms

Quantum gases confined in reduced dimensions have enabled the observation of many exotic quantum phenomena. While existing experiments primarily focus on homonuclear systems, we report here on the efficient preparation of a quasi-two-dimensional (2D) heteronuclear quantum degenerate mixture of ultracold $^{23}$Na and $^{87}$Rb. We describe the design of the vacuum system and detail the experimental procedures for preparing the 2D quantum mixture. The designed apparatus has several unique features, including compact and modular 2D-MOT sources, a science chamber that accommodates various lattice geometries, a precision in-vacuum electrode assembly, and high-resolution imaging for both atomic species. After loading the dual-species condensate into a single layer of a vertical optical lattice, we prepare a 2D gas mixture and observe quantum immiscibility in the in-situ equilibrium density profiles. The observed density profiles agree well with mean-field theories. The apparatus provides a versatile platform for investigating several interesting problems, including quantum impurities, quantum droplets, or polar molecules in low dimensions.

cond-mat.quant-gas

Crossover or First-Order: Impacts of Regularization

The equation of state of hot, dense nuclear matter plays a fundamental role in many areas. However, owing to the nonperturbative nature of strong interactions, a reliable treatment is still under debate. We use a symmetry-preserving treatment of a vector\,$\otimes$\,vector contact interaction to study related issues at nonzero temperature or quark chemical potential, and carefully compare a noncovariant and a covariant regularization scheme. The numerical results show that the character of the phase transition depends sensitively on the regularization scheme and parameter choices.

hep-ph

Boundary anomaly detection in two-dimensional subsystem symmetry-protected topological phases

We generalize the topological response theory to detect the boundary anomalies of linear subsystem symmetries. This approach allows us to distinguish different subsystem symmetry-protected topological (SSPT) phases and uncover new ones. We focus on the cases where the mixed anomaly exists within the adjacent subsystems. Using numerical simulations, we demonstrate the power of this method by identifying strong and weak $Z_2^\tau\times Z_2^\sigma$ SSPT phases in a tunable tensor network state. Our analysis reveals an intrinsic $Z_2$ SSPT phase characterized by its degenerate entanglement spectrum. Furthermore, we extend the anomaly indicator to mixed-state density matrices and show that quantum anomalies of subsystem symmetry can persist under both uniform and alternating disorders. This finding establishes a connection between boundary quantum anomalies in pure and mixed states. Our work provides a numerical method to detect quantum anomalies of subsystem symmetries, offering new insights into the study of topological quantum phases.

cond-mat.str-el

Locally Purified Density Operators for Symmetry-Protected Topological Phases in Mixed States

We propose a tensor network approach known as the locally purified density operator (LPDO) to investigate the classification and characterization of symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases in open quantum systems. We extend the concept of injectivity, originally associated with matrix product states and projected entangled pair states, to LPDOs in $(1+1)D$ and $(2+1)D$ systems, unveiling two distinct types of injectivity conditions inherent in short-range entangled density matrices. Within the LPDO framework, we outline a classification scheme for decohered average symmetry-protected topological (ASPT) phases, consistent with earlier results obtained through spectrum sequence techniques. We first illustrate our framework with ASPT phases protected by fermion parity symmetry, then extend the classification of ASPT phases to a general group extension. We demonstrate examples of explicit construction of fixed-point LPDOs for ASPT phases including intrinsic ASPTs in both $(1+1)D$ and $(2+1)D$ systems.

cond-mat.str-el

Intrinsically Interacting Higher-Order Topological Superconductors

We propose a minimal interacting lattice model for two-dimensional class-$D$ higher-order topological superconductors with no free-fermion counterpart. A Lieb-Schultz-Mattis-type constraint is proposed and applied to guide our lattice model construction. Our model exhibits a trivial product ground state in the weakly interacting regime, whereas, increasing electron interactions provoke a novel topological quantum phase transition to a $D_4$-symmetric higher-order topological superconducting state. The symmetry-protected Majorana corner modes are numerically confirmed with the matrix-product-state technique. Our theory paves the way for studying interacting higher-order topology with explicit lattice model constructions.

cond-mat.str-el

Quantifying Quantum Computational Advantage on a Processor of Ultracold Atoms

Nonequilibrium dynamics of quantum many-body systems is challenging for classical computing, providing opportunities for demonstrating practical quantum computational advantage with analogue quantum simulators. Owing to the intimate connection with a random matrix ensemble, it is proposed to be classically intractable to sample the driven thermalized many-body states of a Bose-Hubbard system, and further extract multi-point correlations from the output-strings for characterizing quantum systems. Here, leveraging dedicated precise manipulations and atom-number-resolved detection through a quantum gas microscope with bichromatic superlattices, we perform sampling of the driven Hubbard chains and two-leg ladders in the thermalized phase involving up to 64 sites with 20 atoms, yielding a Hilbert space dimension of $10^{19}$ and outpacing the most powerful supercomputer in terms of sampling rate by three orders of magnitude. The volume law scaling of the \Renyi entanglement entropy in the thermalized phase is observed, which hinders efficient classical simulation for large systems. We employ the Bayesian tests to verify that our prepared systems operate in the driven thermalized phase. Multi-point correlations of up to 14th-order extracted from the experimental samples offer clear distinctions between the thermalized and many-body-localized phases, where classical computations such as tensor network fails to give accurate and faithful predictions within a reasonable time cost. Our work demonstrates the sampling of a interacting chaotic system performed on a quantum processor of ultracold atoms and opens the door of utilizable quantum computational advantage in simulating Floquet dynamics of many-body systems.

cond-mat.quant-gas

Shadow of topologically charged rotating braneworld black hole

In this paper, we discuss optical properties of the topologically charged rotating black hole. We study the horizon, the photon region, the shadow of the black hole and other observables. The results show that in addition to the black hole spin parameter $a$, the other two parameters, tidal charge $\beta$ and electric charge $q$, are also found to affect the horizon, the photon region and the black hole shadow. In a certain range, with the increase of the three parameters, the horizon distance, shape of the photon region and the black hole shadow will all shrink. Moreover, with the increase of these three parameters, the distortion parameter $\delta_{s}$ gradually increases, while the peak of the black hole energy emission rate decreases.

gr-qc

Shadow cast by a rotating and nonlinear magnetic-charged black hole in perfect fluid dark matter

We derived an exact solution of the spherically symmetric Hayward black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter (PFDM). By applying the Newman-Janis algorithm, we generalized it to the corresponding rotating black hole. Then, we studied the shadows of rotating Hayward black hole in PFDM. The apparent shape of the shadow depends upon the black hole spin $a$, the magnetic charge $Q$ and the PFDM intensity parameter $k$ ($k<0$). The shadow is a perfect circle in the non-rotating case ($a=0$) and a deformed one in the rotating case ($a\neq{0}$). For a fixed value of $a$, the size of the shadow increases with the increasing $\vert{k}\vert$, but decreases with the increasing $Q$. We further investigated the black hole emission rate. We found that the emission rate decreases with the increasing $\vert{k}\vert$ (or $Q$) and the peak of the emission shifts to lower frequency. Finally, we discussed the observational prospects corresponding to the supermassive black hole $\mathrm{Sgr\ A^{*}}$ at the center of the Milky Way.

gr-qc

Shadows of rotating Hayward-de Sitter black holes with astrometric observables

Motivated by recent work on rotating black hole shadow [Phys. Rev. D101, 084029 (2020)], we investigate the shadow behaviors of rotating Hayward-de Sitter black hole for static observers at a finite distance in terms of astronomical observables. This paper uses the newly introduced distortion parameter in [arXiv:2006.00685] to describe the shadow's shape quantitatively. We show that the spin parameter would distort shadows and the magnetic monopole charge would increase the degree of deformation. At the same time, the distortion could be relieved because of the cosmological constant and the distortion would increase with the distance from the black hole. Besides, the spin parameter, magnetic monopole charge and cosmological constant increase will cause the shadow to shrink.

gr-qc

The cosmological constant from space-time discreteness

We regard the background of space-time as a physical system composed of discrete volume elements at the Planck scale and get the internal energy of space-time by Debye model. A temperature-dependent minimum energy limit of the particles is proposed from the thermal motion part of the internal energy. As decreases of the temperature caused by the expansion of the universe, more and more particles would be"released" because of the change of the energy limit, we regard these new particles as a source of dark energy. The minimum energy limit also leads to a corrected number of particles in universe and a modified conservation equation. According to the modified conservation equation, an effective cosmological constant consistent with its observed value is obtained.

gr-qc