Quantum Cloning Machines of a d-level System
The optimal N to M ($M>N$) quantum cloning machines for the d-level system are presented. The unitary cloning transformations achieve the bound of the fidelity.
arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Heng Fan.
The optimal N to M ($M>N$) quantum cloning machines for the d-level system are presented. The unitary cloning transformations achieve the bound of the fidelity.
Bužek and Hillery proposed a universal quantum-copying machine (UQCM) (i.e., transformation) to analyze the possibility of cloning arbitrary states. The UQCM copies quantum-mechanical states with the quality of its output does not depend on the input. We propose a slightly different transformation to analyze a restricted set of input states. We impose the conditions (I) the density matrices of the two output states are the same, and that (II) the distance between input density operator and the output density operators is input state independent. Using Hilbert-Schmidt norm and Bures fidelity, we show that our transformation can achieves the bound of the fidelity.
We investigate the generalized supersymmetric $t-J$ model with boundary impurities in different gradings. All three different gradings: fermion, fermion, boson (FFB), boson, fermion, fermion (BFF) and fermion, boson, fermion (FBF), are studied for the generalized supersymmetric $t-J$ model. Boundary K-matrix operators are found for the different gradings. By using the graded algebraic Bethe ansatz method, we obtain the eigenvalues and the corresponding Bethe ansatz equations for the transfer matrix.
We apply the nested algebraic Bethe ansatz method to solve the eigenvalue problem for the SU(4) extension of the Hubbard model. The Hamiltonian is equivalent to the SU(4) graded permutation operator. The graded Yang-Baxter equation and the graded Quantum Inverse Scattering Method are used to obtain the eigenvalue of the SU(4) extension of the Hubbard model.
We study the generalized supersymmetric $t-J$ model with boundaries in three different gradings: FFB, BFF and FBF. Starting from the trigonometric R-matrix, and in the framework of the graded quantum inverse scattering method (QISM), we solve the eigenvalue problems for the supersymmetric $t-J$ model. A detailed calculations are presented to obtain the eigenvalues and Bethe ansatz equations of the supersymmetric $t-J$ model with boundaries in three different backgrounds.
We propose the two-leg fermion-ladder models for SU(2|2) and SU(4) cases. The former is exactly the extended Hubbard model proposed by Essler, Korepin and Schoutens. The later is a new model also with $η$-pairing symmetry which is important for superconductivity. This new extension of the Hubbard model can be solved exactly.
Exact integrability and algebraic Bethe ansatz of the small-polaron model with the open boundary condition are discussed in the framework of the quantum inverse scattering method (QISM). We employ a new approach where the fermionic R-operator which consists of fermion operators is a key object. It satisfies the Yang-Baxter equation and the reflection equation with its corresponding K-operator. Two kinds of 'super-transposition' for the fermion operators are defined and the dual reflection equation is obtained. These equations prove the integrability and the Bethe ansatz equation which agrees with the one obtained from the graded Yang-Baxter equation and the graded reflection equations.
We study the generalized supersymmetric t-J model with Kondo impurities in the boundaries. We first construct the higher spin operator K-matrix for the XXZ Heisenberg chain. Setting the boundary parameter to be a special value, we find a higher spin reflecting K-matrix for the supersymmetric t-J model. By using the Quantum Inverse Scattering Method, we obtain the eigenvalue and the corresponding Bethe ansatz equations.
In the framework of the graded quantum inverse scattering method (QISM), we obtain the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the supersymmetric $t-J$ model with reflecting boundary conditions in FFB background. The corresponding Bethe ansatz equations are obtained.
We use factorized $L$ operator to construct an integrable model with open boundary conditions. By taking trigonometic limit($τ\to \sqrt{-1}\infty$) and scaling limit($ω\to 0$), we get a Hamiltonian of a classical integrable system. It shows that this integrable system is similar to those found by Calogero et al.
The one-dimensional small-polaron model with open boundary conditions is considered in the framework of the quantum inverse scattering method. The spin model which is equivalent to the small-polaron model is the Heisenberg $XXZ$ spin chain in an external magnetic field. For spin model, the solutions of the reflection equation (RE) and the dual RE are obtained. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors problems are solved by using the algebraic Bethe ansatz method. The case of the fermion model is also studied, the commuting of the transfer matrix can be proved, and the eigenvalues and the Bethe ansatz equations for fermion model are obtained.
We extend the work of Foda et al and propose an elliptic quantum algebra $A_{q,p}(\hat {sl_n})$. Similar to the case of $A_{q,p}(\hat {sl_2})$, our presentation of the algebra is based on the relation $RLL=LLR^*$, where $R$ and $R^*$ are $Z_n$ symmetric R-matrices with the elliptic moduli chosen differently and a factor is also involved. With the help of the results obtained by Asai et al, we realize type I and type II vertex operators in terms of bosonic free fields for $Z_n$ symmetric Belavin model. We also give a bosonization for the elliptic quantum algebra $A_{q,p}(\hat {sl_n})$ at level one.
Based on the bosonization of vertex operators for $A_{n-1}^{(1)}$ face model by Asai,Jimbo, Miwa and Pugai, using vertex-face correspondence we obtain vertex operators for Zn symmetric Belavin model,which are constructed by deformed boson oscilllators. The correlation functions are also obtained.
By using the intertwiner and face-vertex correpondence relation, we obtain the Bethe ansatz equation of eight vertex model with open boundary condtitions in the framework of algebraic Bethe ansatz method. The open boundary condition under consideration is the general solution of the reflection equation for eight vertex model with only one restriction on the free parameters of the right side reflecting boundary matrix. The reflecting boundary matrices used in this paper thus may have off-diagonal elements. Our construction can also be used for the Bethe ansatz of SOS model with reflection boundaries.
We use the algebraic nested Bethe ansatz to solve the eigenvalue and eigenvector problem of the supersymmetric $SU_q(n|m)$ model with open boundary conditions. Under an additional condition that model is related to a multicomponent supersymmetric t-J model. We also prove that the transfer matrix with open boundary condition is $SU_q(n|m)$ invariant.