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Hong Guo

Publications and source records attributed to Hong Guo.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

Cosmological distance forecasts for the CSST Galaxy Survey using BAO peaks

The measurement of cosmological distances using baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) is crucial for studying the universe's expansion. The Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST) galaxy redshift survey, with its vast volume and sky coverage, provides an opportunity to address key challenges in cosmology. However, redshift uncertainties in galaxy surveys can degrade both angular and radial distance estimates. In this study, we forecast the precision of BAO distance measurements using mock CSST galaxy samples, applying a two-point correlation function (2PCF) wedge approach to mitigate redshift errors. We simulate redshift uncertainties of $σ_0 = 0.003$ and $σ_0 = 0.006$, representative of expected CSST errors, and examine their effects on the BAO peak and distance scaling factors, $α_\perp$ and $α_\parallel$, across redshift bins within $0.0 < z \leqslant 1.0$. The wedge 2PCF method proves more effective in detecting the BAO peak compared to the monopole 2PCF, particularly for $σ_0 = 0.006$. Constraints on the BAO peaks show that $α_\perp$ is well constrained around 1.0, regardless of $σ_0$, with precision between 1% and 3% across redshift bins. In contrast, $α_\parallel$ measurements are more sensitive to increases in $σ_0$. For $σ_0 = 0.003$, the results remain close to the fiducial value, with uncertainties ranging between 4% and 9%; for $σ_0 = 0.006$, significant deviations from the fiducial value are observed. We also study the ability to measure parameters $(Ω_m, H_0r_\mathrm{d})$ using distance measurements, proving robust constraints as a cosmological probe under CSST-like redshift uncertainties.

astro-ph.CO↗

Strong gravitational lensing effects around rotating regular black holes

In this letter, we investigate the strong gravitational lensing effects around two classes of rotating regular black holes, which behave as non-singular Minkowski core at the center. Starting from the null geodesic in the equatorial plane of the regular black holes, we analyze the deflection angle for both prograde photons and retrograde photons, which are found to significantly shift from that for Kerr black hole. Then we suppose the rotating regular black holes as the supermassive M87* and SgrA* black holes, respectively, and evaluate the lensing observables such as the image position, separation, magnification and the time delays between the relativistic images for the black holes. In both cases, the time delay differences between the regular black holes and Kerr black hole seem to be measurable, especially for the M87* black hole, but the deviations of outermost relativistic image and the asymptotic relativistic image for the two rotating regular black holes from those for Kerr black hole are less than 10 $μas$. This means that it is difficult to probe the regularity of the black hole via the current observations, but we can expect the next generation Event Horizon Telescope to test more precise properties of strong field regime.

gr-qc↗

FEASTS: Radial Distribution of HI surface densities down to 0.01 M$_{\odot}$ pc$^{-2}$ of 35 Nearby Galaxies

We present the HI surface density ($Σ_{\rm HI}$) radial distributions based on total-power HI images obtained by FAST in the FEASTS program, for 35 galaxies with inclinations lower than 72 degree. We derive the HI radius $R_{001}$, which is the radius for the 0.01 $\,M_{\odot}\,{\rm pc}^{-2}$ ($\sim10^{18.1}\,{\rm cm}^{-2}$) iso-density level, 100 times deeper than the 1 $\,M_{\odot}\,{\rm pc}^{-2}$ level previously commonly used to measure $R_1$. The profile shapes show a large diversity at a given radius in units of kpc, group virial radius, and $R_1$, but align more tightly with radius normalized by $R_{001}$. The universal HI profile has a scatter of $\sim0.2$ dex, and a scale-length of $\sim0.11R_{001}$ in the outer region. We derive a new $R_{001}$-$M_{\rm HI}$ relation, which has a scatter of 0.02 dex, and similar slope of $\sim$0.5 as the previously known $R_1$-$M_{\rm HI}$ relation. Excluding strongly tidal-interacting galaxies, the ratio $R_{001}/R_1$ (anti-)correlate strongly and significantly with the HI-to-stellar mass ratio and sSFR, but not with the stellar mass, $M_{\rm HI}$, dark matter mass, or SFR. The strongly tidal-interacting galaxies tend to show deviations from these trends, and have the most flattened profiles. These results imply that in absence of major tidal interactions, physical processes must cooperate so that $Σ_{\rm HI}$ distributes in a self-similar way in the outer region down to the 0.01$\,M_{\odot}\,{\rm pc}^{-2}$ level. Moreover, they may drive gas flows in such a way, that HI-richer galaxies have HI disks not only extend further, but also transport HI inward more efficiently from $R_{001}$ to $R_1$.

astro-ph.GA↗

Inline-Amplification-Free Time Transfer Utilizing Waveform-Resolved Single-Photon Detection

High-precision time transfer over a long haul of fiber plays a significant role in many fields. The core method, namely cascading relay nodes for the compensation of signal attenuation and dispersion, is however insufficient to deal with crucial point-to-point transfer scenarios, such as harsh environments with extremely deficient infrastructure and emergency conditions. In long-distance signal transmission without any inline amplifiers, the high loss of the optical fiber link becomes the primary limiting factor, and direct use of traditional photodetectors at the receiving end will bring about a significant drop in the stability of detected signals. Here we propose a waveform-resolved single photon detection technique and experimentally perform tomography on the weak transferred signal with an average photon number of just 0.617 per pulse. By adopting this technique, we achieve the time deviation of 95.68 ps and 192.58 ps at 200 km and 300 km respectively at an averaging time of 1 s, overcoming the technical lower bound induced by traditional photodetectors. This work lays the foundation for through-type time transfer with high precision in those significant inline-amplification-free scenarios.

physics.optics↗

Disparate Effects of Circumgalactic Medium Angular Momentum in IllustrisTNG and SIMBA

In this study, we examine the role of circumgalactic medium (CGM) angular momentum ($j_{\rm CGM}$) on star formation in galaxies, whose influence is currently not well understood. The analysis utilises central galaxies from two hydrodynamical simulations, SIMBA and IllustrisTNG. We observe a substantial divergence in how star formation rates correlate with CGM angular momentum between the two simulations. Specifically, quenched galaxies in IllustrisTNG show high $j_{\rm CGM}$, while in SIMBA, quenched galaxies have low $j_{\rm CGM}$. This difference is attributed to the distinct active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback mechanisms active in each simulation. Moreover, both simulations demonstrate similar correlations between $j_{\rm CGM}$ and environmental angular momentum ($j_{\rm Env}$) in star-forming galaxies, but these correlations change notably when kinetic AGN feedback is present. In IllustrisTNG, quenched galaxies consistently show higher $j_{\rm CGM}$ compared to their star-forming counterparts with the same $j_{\rm Env}$, a trend not seen in SIMBA. Examining different AGN feedback models in SIMBA, we further confirm that AGN feedback significantly influences the CGM gas distribution, although the relationship between the cold gas fraction and the star formation rate (SFR) remains largely stable across different feedback scenarios.

astro-ph.GA↗

Prospects for Observing High-redshift Radio-loud Quasars in the SKA Era: Paving the Way for 21-cm Forest Observations

The 21-cm forest is a sensitive probe for the early heating process and small-scale structures during the epoch of reionization (EoR), to be realized with the upcoming Square Kilometre Array (SKA). Its detection relies on the availability of radio-bright background sources, among which the radio-loud quasars are very promising, but their abundance during the EoR is still poorly constrained due to limited observations. Here, we use a physics-driven model to forecast future radio-loud quasar observations. We fit the parameters of the model using observational data of high-redshift quasars. Assuming Eddington accretion, the model yields an average lifetime of $t_{\rm q} \sim 10^{5.3}$yr for quasars at $z\sim6$, consistent with recent results obtained from quasar proximity zone pre-study. We show that if the radio-loud fraction of quasars evolves with redshift, it will significantly reduce the abundance of observable radio-loud quasars in the SKA era, making 21-cm forest studies challenging. With a constant radio-loud fraction, our model suggests that a one-year sky survey conducted with SKA-LOW has the capability to detect approximately 20 radio-loud quasars at $z\sim 9$, with sufficient sensitivity to resolve individual 21-cm forest lines.

astro-ph.CO↗

Accurately Estimating Redshifts from CSST Slitless Spectroscopic Survey using Deep Learning

Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST) has the capability to conduct slitless spectroscopic survey simultaneously with photometric survey. The spectroscopic survey will measure slitless spectra, potentially providing more accurate estimations of galaxy properties, particularly redshifts, compared to using broadband photometry. CSST relies on these accurate redshifts to perform baryon acoustic oscilliation (BAO) and other probes to constrain the cosmological parameters. However, due to low resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of slitless spectra, measurement of redshifts is significantly challenging.} In this study, we employ a Bayesian neural network (BNN) to assess the accuracy of redshift estimations from slitless spectra anticipated to be observed by CSST. The simulation of slitless spectra is based on real observational data from the early data release of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI-EDR) and the 16th data release of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS-DR16), combined with the 9th data release of the DESI Legacy Survey (DESI LS DR9). The BNN is constructed employing transfer learning technique, by appending two Bayesian layers after a convolutional neural network (CNN), leveraging the features learned from the slitless spectra and corresponding redshifts. Our network can provide redshift estimates along with corresponding uncertainties, achieving an accuracy of $σ_{\rm NMAD} = 0.00063$, outlier percentage $η=0.92\%$ and weighted mean uncertainty $\bar{E} = 0.00228$. These results successfully fulfill the requirement of $σ_{\rm NMAD} < 0.005$ for BAO and other studies employing CSST slitless spectroscopic surveys.

astro-ph.CO↗

NeutralUniverseMachine: Predictions of HI gas in Different Theoretical Models

We investigate the distribution and evolution of HI gas in different theoretical models, including hydro-dynamical simulations (Illustris-TNG and SIMBA), semi-analytic models (GAEA), and the empirical models ( NeutralUniverseMachine; NUM). By comparing model predictions for the HI mass function (HIMF), HI-halo and HI-stellar mass relations, conditional HI mass function (CHIMF) and the halo occupation distribution (HOD) of HI-selected galaxies, we find that all models show reasonable agreement with the observed HIMF at $z\sim0$, but the differences become much larger at higher redshifts of $z=1$ and $z=2$. The HIMF of NUM shows remarkable agreement with the observation at $z=1$, whereas other models predict much lower amplitudes of HIMF at the high-mass end. Comparisons of CHIMF distributions indicate that the HIMF is dominated by halos of $10< \log(M_{\rm vir}/M_\odot) <11$ and $11< \log(M_{\rm vir}/M_\odot)<12$ at the low- and high-mass ends, respectively. From the HI HODs of central galaxies, we find that TNG100 overpredicts the number of central galaxies with high $M_{\rm HI}$ in massive halos and GAEA shows a very strong depletion of HI gas in quenched centrals of massive halos. The main cause of the differences is the AGN feedback mechanisms implemented in different models.

astro-ph.GA↗

The conditional colour-magnitude distribution: II. A comparison of galaxy colour and luminosity distribution in galaxy groups

The Conditional Colour-Magnitude Distribution (CCMD) is a comprehensive formalism of the colour-magnitude-halo mass relation of galaxies. With joint modelling of a large sample of SDSS galaxies in fine bins of galaxy colour and luminosity, Xu et al. inferred parameters of a CCMD model that well reproduces colour- and luminosity-dependent abundance and clustering of present-day galaxies. In this work, we provide a test and investigation of the CCMD model by studying the colour and luminosity distribution of galaxies in galaxy groups. An apples-to-apples comparison of group galaxies is achieved by applying the same galaxy group finder to identify groups from the CCMD galaxy mocks and from the SDSS data, avoiding any systematic effect of group finding and mass assignment on the comparison. We find an overall nice agreement in the conditional luminosity function (CLF), the conditional colour function (CCF), and the CCMD of galaxies in galaxy groups inferred from CCMD mock and SDSS data. We also discuss the subtle differences revealed by the comparison. In addition, using two external catalogues constructed to only include central galaxies with halo mass measured through weak lensing, we find that their colour-magnitude distribution shows two distinct and orthogonal components, in line with the prediction of the CCMD model. Our results suggest that the CCMD model provides a good description of halo mass dependent galaxy colour and luminosity distribution. The halo and CCMD mock catalogues are made publicly available to facilitate other investigations.

astro-ph.GA↗

The Beyond-Halo Mass Effects of the Cosmic Web Environment on Galaxies

Galaxy properties primarily depend on their host halo mass. Halo mass, in turn, depends on the cosmic web environment. We explore if the effect of the cosmic web on galaxy properties is entirely transitive via host halo mass, or if the cosmic web has an effect independent of mass. The secondary galaxy bias, sometimes referred to as ``galaxy assembly bias'', is the beyond-mass component of the galaxy-halo connection. We investigate the link between the cosmic web environment and the secondary galaxy bias in simulations. We measure the secondary galaxy bias through the following summary statistics: projected two-point correlation function, $\wprp$, and counts-in-cylinders statistics, $\Pncic$. First, we examine the extent to which the secondary galaxy bias can be accounted for with a measure of the environment as a secondary halo property. We find that the total secondary galaxy bias preferentially places galaxies in more strongly clustered haloes. In particular, haloes at fixed mass tend to host more galaxies when they are more strongly associated with nodes or filaments. This tendency accounts for a significant portion, but not the entirety, of the total secondary galaxy bias effect. Second, we quantify how the secondary galaxy bias behaves differently depending on the host halo proximity to nodes and filaments. We find that the total secondary galaxy bias is relatively stronger in haloes more associated with nodes or filaments. We emphasise the importance of removing halo mass effects when considering the cosmic web environment as a factor in the galaxy-halo connection.

astro-ph.GA↗

Dual-comb-enhanced microwave clock synchronization over commercial fiber

The large-scale clock network is the key ingredient to obtain high precision in many scenarios, from fundamental research to cutting-edge applications. The advantage of the time synchronization among microwave clocks is their cost, size, and accessibility. Here, we demonstrate a femtosecond-level time synchronization of microwave clocks through a commercial link of 205.86 km via dual-comb-enhanced optical two-way time transfer, which achieves a 6.23-fs residual time deviation between synchronized timescales at 1 s and an instability below 6E-18 at 10,000 s. Further, the high-precision time synchronization of microwave clocks significantly enhances the probe ability of subtle reciprocity changes of fiber to the sub-picosecond level. This work provides a path toward secure fiber time-frequency networks to support future microwave-clock-based precise timing and sensing systems.

physics.optics↗

Rapid Parameter Estimation for Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals Using Machine Learning

Extreme-mass-ratio inspiral (EMRI) signals pose significant challenges in gravitational wave (GW) astronomy owing to their low-frequency nature and highly complex waveforms, which occupy a high-dimensional parameter space with numerous variables. Given their extended inspiral timescales and low signal-to-noise ratios, EMRI signals warrant prolonged observation periods. Parameter estimation becomes particularly challenging due to non-local parameter degeneracies, arising from multiple local maxima, as well as flat regions and ridges inherent in the likelihood function. These factors lead to exceptionally high time complexity for parameter analysis while employing traditional matched filtering and random sampling methods. To address these challenges, the present study applies machine learning to Bayesian posterior estimation of EMRI signals, leveraging the recently developed flow matching technique based on ODE neural networks. Our approach demonstrates computational efficiency several orders of magnitude faster than the traditional Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, while preserving the unbiasedness of parameter estimation. We show that machine learning technology has the potential to efficiently handle the vast parameter space, involving up to seventeen parameters, associated with EMRI signals. Furthermore, to our knowledge, this is the first instance of applying machine learning, specifically the Continuous Normalizing Flows (CNFs), to EMRI signal analysis. Our findings highlight the promising potential of machine learning in EMRI waveform analysis, offering new perspectives for the advancement of space-based GW detection and GW astronomy.

physics.comp-ph↗

Massive Scalar Perturbations and Quasi-Resonance of Rotating Black Hole in Analog Gravity

It was reported that the optical field fluctuations in self-defocusing media can be described by sound waves propagating in a two-dimensional photon-fluid which is controlled by the driving laser beam. The photon-fluid can be regarded as the background where the sound waves propagate in the way like a scalar field propagating in curved spacetime, thus providing a platform to study physics in analog gravity. In this analog gravity model, to be more specific, in the analog rotating black hole background, we study the quasinormal modes (QNMs) of massive scalar field perturbations, as a natural extension of the recent work on the massless QNMs in photon-fluid. We analyze the properties of the spectrum of fundamental QNMs which are calculated by Continued Fraction Method and WKB approximation method. We also investigate the quasi-resonance and find that it may exist in this analog gravity model. The existence of quasi-resonance is important to study the QNMs in analog gravity apparatus due to its slow damping rate and longevity which give us better opportunity to probe and study it in laboratory.

gr-qc↗

Gain-Bandwidth-Product-Induced Technical Bound in Time Transfer System without Inline Amplifiers

Time transfer plays a dispensable role in many fields including navigation and positioning, geodesy, and fundamental tests. However, in certain scenarios where effective relay node deployment is often not feasible, such as harsh environments with extremely poor infrastructure and emergency conditions, effective time transfer without inline amplifiers becomes crucial. In this situation, the maximum transmission distance is limited by the receiver's measurement capability, particularly its ability to amplify the signal. Here we propose a theoretical model, giving a technical lower bound of the detected signal stability at different transmission distances, induced by limited gain-bandwidth products. The results under common gain-bandwidth products show that while for shorter transmission distances, stability is mainly limited by the background noise of the time interval counter, for longer distances reaching the scale of 300 kilometers, the technical lower bound is below the level of 10 nanoseconds without any inline amplification devices. Therefore, the given technical bound offers guidance on managing the balance between distance and stability, together with the optimization of the receiver in long-distance time transfer without inline amplification.

physics.ins-det↗

Gravitational waves from extreme mass ratio inspirals in Kerr-MOG spacetimes

This work elaborates on a detailed analysis of the novel characteristics of gravitational waves (GWs) generated by extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs) within the framework of modified gravity (MOG). Our study begins by exploring the geometrical and dynamical properties of the Kerr-MOG spacetime. We employ the numerical kludge (NK) method for waveform simulations and reveal that the parameter $α$, representing deviations from general relativity (GR), significantly impacts the frequencies of geodesic orbits and, consequently, the EMRI waveforms. However, the waveform confusion problem remains mainly unresolved, posing a challenge in distinguishing between the underlying gravitational theories based on the observed EMRI waveforms. Notably, by incorporating the effects of radiation reaction, we observe a substantial reduction in the waveform overlap over time. This reduction could enhance our ability to discern between different waveforms over an extended period.

gr-qc↗

Statistical properties of filaments in the cosmic web

In the context of the cosmological and constrained ELUCID simulation, this study explores the statistical characteristics of filaments within the cosmic web, focussing on aspects such as the distribution of filament lengths and their radial density profiles. Using the classification of the cosmic web environment through the Hessian matrix of the density field, our primary focus is on how cosmic structures react to the two variables $R_{\rm s}$ and $λ_{\rm th}$. The findings show that the volume fractions of knots, filaments, sheets, and voids are highly influenced by the threshold parameter $λ_{\rm th}$, with only a slight influence from the smoothing length $R_{\rm s}$. The central axis of the cylindrical filament is pinpointed using the medial-axis thinning algorithm of the COWS method. It is observed that median filament lengths tend to increase as the smoothing lengths increase. Analysis of filament length functions at different values of $R_{\rm s}$ indicates a reduction in shorter filaments and an increase in longer filaments as $R_{\rm s}$ increases, peaking around $2.5R_{\rm s}$. The study also shows that the radial density profiles of filaments are markedly affected by the parameters $R_{\rm s}$ and $λ_{\rm th}$, showing a valley at approximately $2R_{\rm s}$, with increases in the threshold leading to higher amplitudes of the density profile. Moreover, shorter filaments tend to have denser profiles than their longer counterparts.

astro-ph.CO↗

The boundary of cosmic filaments

For decades, the boundary of cosmic filaments have been a subject of debate. In this work, we determine the physically-motivated radii of filaments by constructing stacked galaxy number density profiles around the filament spines. We find that the slope of the profile changes with distance to the filament spine, reaching its minimum at approximately 1 Mpc at z = 0 in both state-of-the-art hydrodynamical simulations and observational data. This can be taken as the average value of the filament radius. Furthermore, we note that the average filament radius rapidly decreases from z = 4 to z = 1, and then slightly increases. Moreover, we find that the filament radius depends on the filament length, the distance from connected clusters, and the masses of the clusters. These results suggest a two-phase formation scenario of cosmic filaments. The filaments experience rapid contraction before z = 1, but their density distribution has remained roughly stable since then. The subsequent mass transport along the filaments to the connected clusters is likely to have contributed to the formation of the clusters themselves.

astro-ph.CO↗

Establishing HI mass v.s. stellar mass and halo mass scaling relations using an abundance matching method

We combined data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey (ALFALFA) to establish the HI mass vs. stellar mass and halo mass scaling relations using an abundance matching method that is free of the Malmquist bias. To enable abundance matching, a cross-match between the SDSS DR7 galaxy group sample and the ALFALFA HI sources provides a catalog of 16,520 HI-galaxy pairs within 14,270 galaxy groups (halos). By applying the observational completeness reductions for both optical and HI observations, we used the remaining 8,180 ALFALFA matched sources to construct the model constraints. Taking into account the dependence of HI mass on both the galaxy and group properties, we establish two sets of scaling relations: one with a combination of stellar mass, $({g-r})$ color and halo mass, and the other with stellar mass, specific star-formation rate ($\rm sSFR$), and halo mass. We demonstrate that our models can reproduce the HI mass component as both a stellar and halo mass. Additional tests showed that the conditional HI mass distributions as a function of the cosmic web type and the satellite fractions were well recovered.

astro-ph.GA↗