Cavity optomechanical magnetometer actuated by substrate bending
We describe a magnetic field sensor based on a monolithic Fabry-Perot cavity. The cavities were fabricated in a thin-film buckling process at one surface of a fused silica chip, and the chip was subsequently bonded to a giant magnetostrictive material (GMM). External magnetic fields drive flexural modes of the assembly and the associated bending stresses are efficiently mapped to changes in the cavity height, with enhanced response at kHz-range mechanical resonance frequencies. A key attribute of this platform is that the size of the transducing material is decoupled from the size of the optical cavity. The buckled cavity operates in low mode order and with moderate Q ~ 103, providing a high optomechanical coupling coefficient while also enabling a straightforward tuned-to-slope readout technique. Peak sensitivity ~ 2 pT/Hz1/2 was achieved in an unshielded laboratory environment, limited by laser phase and electronics noise in the readout system. With future reductions in these noise sources, we predict that a broadband thermomechanical-noise-limited sensitivity in the ~ 0.1 pT/Hz1/2 range is feasible.