arXiv subjects

Jingyuan Chen

Publications and source records attributed to Jingyuan Chen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Vorch-Director: Interactive World Story Model via Noise-Aware Error Rectification

Autoregressive continuation provides a natural path toward minute-scale audio-visual generation by repeatedly extending a short-window generator conditioned on previously generated video and audio. However, models are trained on clean ground-truth histories, while inference relies on their own generated histories, where accumulated errors cause identity drift, over-smoothing, and audio-visual desynchronization. Recent methods reduce this mismatch by reusing prediction residuals as synthetic corruption, but we observe that the effectiveness of residual correction critically depends on the flow-matching noise level at which residuals are produced. We propose Vorch-Director, a noise-level-aware residual correction strategy that associates each residual with its originating noise level and injects residuals from matched noise regimes during training. By aligning injected errors with the denoising process, Vorch-Director produces more realistic autoregressive histories while retaining efficient teacher-forcing training. Built on the audio-visual LTX-2 diffusion transformer, Vorch-Director further introduces task embeddings to distinguish historical video, reference images, and target video, enabling unified conditioning for long-horizon generation. Together with a clean conditioning sink and mixed-task training, Vorch-Director supports multi-shot, multi-subject, reference-guided audio-visual long-video generation. We evaluate Vorch-Director on ST-Bench and introduce a new long-horizon audio-visual benchmark with metrics for quality drift and long-range consistency. Extensive experiments demonstrate improved stability and audio-visual fidelity over strong baselines.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

A Causal Bootstrap for Diverse Image Generation under Unobserved Confounding

Deep generative models reproduce the observational distribution underlying the training data, which, in turn, inherit any spurious associations it contains. A common source is an unobserved confounder that simultaneously affects both a treatment attribute the user wants to control/edit (e.g., age, sex) and an observed outcome (e.g., an image) expected to vary in response. Existing causal inference methods resolve the resulting ambiguity by imposing structural assumptions strong enough to single out one interventional distribution. However, in practical domains like image generation, such assumptions are rarely warranted, and the interventional distribution is generally non-identifiable: distinct causal models can agree on the observed data yet imply different causal predictions. This paper proposes CauVaDE (Causal Variational Deep Embedding), a novel family of causal generative models in which the unobserved confounder collapses into a discrete latent cluster with bounded support without loss of generality. We prove that this family can approximate both observational and interventional image distributions with arbitrary accuracy in a canonical latent causal diagram. Building on this model representation, we introduce a novel causal bootstrap that varies the strength of confounder entropy to generate a diverse family of causal explanations, each defining a distinct interventional image distribution. Such a procedure produces distinct interventional images while maintaining a good fit to the observed data.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2026

RadOnc-Agent: An Integrated Framework for AI Workflows Across the Radiotherapy Care Pathway

Artificial intelligence has advanced radiotherapy tasks, but these capabilities remain fragmented across the care pathway. Here we present RadOnc-Agent, an integrated framework connecting 17 phase-specific functions and 9 cross-cutting utilities across four phases through a conversational interface. A language-model controller maps clinical intent to structured calls, maintains longitudinal context and validates dispatch. We evaluated request-expression diversity, function coverage, cross-stage composition, information transfer and failure recovery using 2,600 single-function requests (7,800 executions), 200 cross-stage scenarios (600 executions), and 120 workflows from 60 de-identified patient records (360 executions). RadOnc-Agent selected the intended function in 98.79% of single-function executions and completed 96.50% of scripted and 96.67% of real-patient workflows. Removing longitudinal state reduced cross-stage completion from 96.50% to 84.00%; bypassing schema and identity validation increased mismatched dispatch from 0% to 95.28% in replay/test execution. Single-function performance did not by itself predict workflow-level capability. Information continuity and cross-stage dependencies emerged as central constraints. These results establish the technical feasibility of longitudinal integration across radiotherapy workflows and provide a foundation for prospective clinical evaluation.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2026

Emotion Understanding in Streaming Video with Trajectory-Aware Reliability

Video emotion understanding is commonly studied as an offline classification problem, where the complete video segment is available before prediction. Real-time interaction, however, requires emotion decisions from incomplete and evolving evidence. This paper studies streaming video emotion understanding as a reliability-aware decision process over evolving emotion beliefs. In this setting, a single confident prefix prediction can still be unreliable when the underlying belief trajectory is unstable or repeatedly switches across emotion classes. We propose TRACE, a trajectory-aware reliability framework that forms low-latency emotion beliefs from streaming audio prefixes, estimates reliability from confidence, entropy, stability, and class-switching patterns, and selectively invokes contextual belief reinterpretation with visual, textual, and neighboring-utterance evidence. TRACE keeps stable cases in the low-latency online pathway while allocating stronger multimodal reasoning to uncertain cases that remain ambiguous. Experiments on StreamMER, MELD, and MER2024 show that TRACE improves the accuracy-cost trade-off, retaining most full-context gains while reducing unnecessary contextual reasoning.

cs.MM↗

arXiv2026

AutoBCI: Forecast-Guided Agentic Neural Architecture Discovery for EEG-Based Brain--Computer Interfaces

EEG-based brain-computer interfaces support a broad range of applications, yet designing decoding architectures that perform well across diverse tasks remains challenging. We introduce AutoBCI, an agentic framework in which a Designer Agent and a Forecaster Agent support the discovery and selection of EEG decoding architectures across tasks. The Designer Agent performs Pool-Guided Architecture Discovery (PGAD), generating and refining architectures through training and validation across multiple EEG tasks, such as emotion recognition, motor imagery, and sleep staging. The Forecaster Agent performs Performance Estimation from Early Knowledge (PEEK), using architecture code, the training protocol, and early learning curves to predict full-budget validation performance and select promising candidates for continued training. Across 14 EEG datasets spanning motor imagery, emotion recognition, and sleep staging, we evaluate AutoBCI with six LLMs, including Opus 5.5 and GPT 5.6 Sol, and compare the architectures selected by the search procedure against ten baselines: six conventional EEG models and four foundation models. The architecture discovered by AutoBCI with Claude Opus 5.5 achieves 64.16% average test balanced accuracy (bAcc), compared with 63.87% for REVE, the strongest baseline on this metric. Using ten observed epochs, PEEK reduces mean absolute error in predicting average validation bAcc from 2.20 to 1.36 percentage points, a 38.1% reduction relative to the best-observed-score baseline.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2026

ToolSearcher: Optimizing Tool Selection at Scale via Reinforcement Learning

Large language models (LLMs) excel at natural language processing but struggle to interact with external environments. Tool learning provides a promising way to extend LLMs into actionable agents, where tool selection is a critical prerequisite for successful tool use. Existing work often assumes a small or predefined set of tools, leaving large-scale tool selection underexplored. Real-world repositories contain a vast and diverse array of tools, making it difficult for LLMs to effectively search, distinguish, and compose tools under context-length constraints. We identify large-scale tool selection as a new challenge for agentic reinforcement learning, highlighting that existing RL methods for knowledge-based question answering are inadequate for selecting tools while considering compatibility. To address this challenge, we propose ToolSearcher, a novel RL framework for effective multi-turn search and fine-grained optimization in large-scale tool selection. Specifically, we introduce category-constrained tool discrimination to improve the model's ability to distinguish functionally similar tools, event-level search modeling to explicitly optimize the discovery of target tools during multi-turn search, and trajectory-aligned credit allocation to provide fine-grained reward signals for different stages of the search-selection process. Extensive experiments on large-scale tool selection benchmarks demonstrate that ToolSearcher consistently outperforms a set of strong baselines in challenging settings involving iterative search and complex tool composition.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2026

Evaluation of OpenAI o1: Opportunities and Challenges of AGI

This comprehensive study evaluates the performance of OpenAI's o1-preview large language model across a diverse array of complex reasoning tasks, spanning multiple domains, including computer science, mathematics, natural sciences, medicine, linguistics, and social sciences. Through rigorous testing, o1-preview demonstrated remarkable capabilities, often achieving human-level or superior performance in areas ranging from coding challenges to scientific reasoning and from language processing to creative problem-solving. Key findings include: -83.3% success rate in solving complex competitive programming problems, surpassing many human experts. -Superior ability in generating coherent and accurate radiology reports, outperforming other evaluated models. -100% accuracy in high school-level mathematical reasoning tasks, providing detailed step-by-step solutions. -Advanced natural language inference capabilities across general and specialized domains like medicine. -Impressive performance in chip design tasks, outperforming specialized models in areas such as EDA script generation and bug analysis. -Remarkable proficiency in anthropology and geology, demonstrating deep understanding and reasoning in these specialized fields. -Strong capabilities in quantitative investing. O1 has comprehensive financial knowledge and statistical modeling skills. -Effective performance in social media analysis, including sentiment analysis and emotion recognition. The model excelled particularly in tasks requiring intricate reasoning and knowledge integration across various fields. While some limitations were observed, including occasional errors on simpler problems and challenges with certain highly specialized concepts, the overall results indicate significant progress towards artificial general intelligence.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2026

ReLay: Personalized LLM-Generated Plain-Language Summaries for Better Understanding, but at What Cost?

Plain Language Summaries (PLS) aim to make research accessible to lay readers, but they are typically written in a one-size-fits-all style that ignores differences in readers' information needs and comprehension. In health contexts, this limitation is particularly important because misunderstanding scientific information can affect real-world decisions. Large language models (LLMs) offer new opportunities for personalizing PLS, but it remains unclear whether personalization helps, which strategies are most effective, and how to balance personalization with safety. We introduce ReLay, a dataset of 300 participant--PLS pairs from 50 lay participants in both static (expert-written) and interactive (LLM-personalized) settings. ReLay includes user characteristics, health information needs, information-seeking behavior, comprehension outcomes, interaction logs, and quality ratings. We use ReLay to evaluate five LLMs across two personalization methods. Personalization improves comprehension and perceived quality, but it also raises the risk of reinforcing user biases and introducing hallucinations, revealing a trade-off between personalization and safety. These findings highlight the need for personalization methods that are both effective and trustworthy for diverse lay audiences.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2026

MedConceal: A Benchmark for Clinical Hidden-Concern Reasoning Under Partial Observability

Patient-clinician communication is an asymmetric-information problem: patients often do not disclose fears, misconceptions, or practical barriers unless clinicians elicit them skillfully. Effective medical dialogue therefore requires reasoning under partial observability: clinicians must elicit latent concerns, confirm them through interaction, and respond in ways that guide patients toward appropriate care. However, existing medical dialogue benchmarks largely sidestep this challenge by exposing hidden patient state, collapsing elicitation into extraction, or evaluating responses without modeling what remains hidden. We present MedConceal, a benchmark with an interactive patient simulator for evaluating hidden-concern reasoning in medical dialogue, comprising 300 curated cases and 600 clinician-LLM interactions. Built from clinician-answered online health discussions, each case pairing clinician-visible context with simulator-internal hidden concerns derived from prior literature and structured using an expert-developed taxonomy. The simulator withholds these concerns from the dialogue agent, tracks whether they have been revealed and addressed via theory-grounded turn-level communication signals, and is clinician-reviewed for clinical plausibility. This enables process-aware evaluation of both task success and the interaction process that leads to it. We study two abilities: confirmation, surfacing hidden concerns through multi-turn dialogue, and intervention, addressing the primary concern and guiding the patient toward a target plan. Results show that no single system dominates: frontier models lead on different confirmation metrics, while human clinicians (N=159) remain strongest on intervention success. Together, these results identify hidden-concern reasoning under partial observability as a key unresolved challenge for medical dialogue systems.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2026

UCO: A Multi-Turn Interactive Reinforcement Learning Method for Adaptive Teaching with Large Language Models

Large language models (LLMs) are shifting from answer providers to intelligent tutors in educational settings, yet current supervised fine-tuning methods only learn surface teaching patterns without dynamic adaptation capabilities. Recent reinforcement learning approaches address this limitation but face two critical challenges. First, they evaluate teaching effectiveness solely based on whether students produce correct outputs, unable to distinguish whether students genuinely understand or echo teacher-provided answers during interaction. Second, they cannot perceive students' evolving cognitive states in real time through interactive dialogue, thus failing to adapt teaching strategies to match students' cognitive levels dynamically. We propose the Unidirectional Cognitive Optimization (UCO) method to address these challenges. UCO uses a multi-turn interactive reinforcement learning paradigm where the innovation lies in two synergistic reward functions: the Progress Reward captures students' cognitive advancement, evaluating whether students truly transition from confusion to comprehension, while the Scaffold Reward dynamically identifies each student's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), encouraging teachers to maintain productive teaching within this zone. We evaluate UCO by comparing it against 11 baseline models on BigMath and MathTutorBench benchmarks. Experimental results demonstrate that our UCO model outperforms all models of equivalent scale and achieves performance comparable to advanced closed-source models. The code and data are available at https://github.com/Mind-Lab-ECNU/UCO.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2026

CASTLE: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Evaluating Student-Tailored Personalized Safety in Large Language Models

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced the development of personalized learning in education. However, their inherent generation mechanisms often produce homogeneous responses to identical prompts. This one-size-fits-all mechanism overlooks the substantial heterogeneity in students cognitive and psychological, thereby posing potential safety risks to vulnerable groups. Existing safety evaluations primarily rely on context-independent metrics such as factual accuracy, bias, or toxicity, which fail to capture the divergent harms that the same response might cause across different student attributes. To address this gap, we propose the concept of Student-Tailored Personalized Safety and construct CASTLE based on educational theories. This benchmark covers 15 educational safety risks and 14 student attributes, comprising 92,908 bilingual scenarios. We further design three evaluation metrics: Risk Sensitivity, measuring the model ability to detect risks; Emotional Empathy, evaluating the model capacity to recognize student states; and Student Alignment, assessing the match between model responses and student attributes. Experiments on 18 SOTA LLMs demonstrate that CASTLE poses a significant challenge: all models scored below an average safety rating of 2.3 out of 5, indicating substantial deficiencies in personalized safety assurance.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2026

TIDE: Task-Isolated Diffusion for Unified Video Editing and Generation

Recent advances in Diffusion Transformers have driven rapid progress in video generation and editing, yet these capabilities are still handled by separate, task-specific models. Building a unified framework that supports diverse video tasks remains an open challenge: existing unified attempts either require dedicated auxiliary encoders or lack explicit mechanisms to distinguish heterogeneous conditioning tokens, struggling when the number and type of visual conditions vary across tasks. We propose TIDE, a unified framework that integrates instruction-based editing, reference-guided editing, and multi-reference generation. At its core, we introduce per-token task embeddings that assign each input token a task-specific identifier, enabling the model to explicitly disambiguate target, source, and reference tokens. To simultaneously capture high-level semantic understanding and fine-grained structural fidelity, we design a dual-path conditioning scheme that couples a vision-language model with a VAE latent path for complementary signals. We further devise a multi-task progressive training strategy that incrementally introduces tasks of increasing complexity, effectively harmonizing diverse objectives and enabling smooth generalization across heterogeneous task distributions. Extensive experiments on multiple video editing and generation benchmarks demonstrate that TIDE achieves state-of-the-art performance across all evaluated tasks. Our project page is available at https://LittleWork123.github.io/tide.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

Automating Just-In-Time Python Type Annotation Updating

Type annotations are more and more popular in Python projects to avoid type errors caused by Python's dynamic typing feature. However, when developers change source code, these type annotations are often neglected or overlooked, resulting in outdated and inconsistent type annotations. Such obsolete type annotations can hinder program comprehension, mislead developers, and even introduce bugs in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid and correct these inconsistent type annotations from the very beginning. In this work, we argue that obsolete type annotations can be reduced and even avoided by automatically updating type annotations alongside code changes. We refer to this task as "Just-In-Time (JIT) type annotation updating". To solve this task, we propose a novel LLM-based approach named TypeUp (Type Annotation Updator) to automate this task. TypeUp can automatically generate new type annotations based on the old type annotations and corresponding code changes. Specifically, TypeUp guides LLM to perform type annotation updates by eliciting its knowledge and logical reasoning power and learning from similar code changes. The evaluation results show that TypeUp outperforms state-of-the-art type infer approach (i.e., TypeGen) by 41.9% on our task. Moreover, we conducted an in-the-wild evaluation with real-world software projects, 20 out of 25 type annotation updates generated by our approach have already been confirmed by developers, showing our approach's practical value in real-world environments.

cs.SE↗

arXiv2026

Causal Gaussian Processes for Robust Treatment Effect Evaluation with Unobserved Confounding

The presence of confounding bias poses a key challenge in policy evaluation, as the target causal effects of actions are not identifiable (i.e., underdetermined) from observational data. On the other hand, existing confounding-robust evaluation strategies require detailed prior knowledge about the environment or apply only to discrete treatments and outcomes. This paper investigates causal effect evaluation over the continuous domain from confounded observations, while requiring only basic temporal ordering between the treatment and the outcome. We introduce a universal discretization of the exogenous domains that approximates the observational and interventional distributions of any causal model with arbitrary accuracy using a finite number of latent states. Building on this newfound universal approximation property, we develop a novel family of Causal Gaussian process (CGP) models that effectively approximate the observational and interventional distributions of any causal model with confounded observations.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2026

Toward Vibe Medicine: A Self-Evolving Multi-Agent Framework for Clinical Decision Support

In recent years, the advances of large language models and autonomous agents have revolutionized the healthcare field, facilitating diagnosis and improving treatment results. However, most existing AI systems rely on pre-trained knowledge and predefined pipelines, which struggle to learn dynamically from the interactive chat session history that contains patient outcomes and past failures. To address this limitation, we propose VIBEMed, a multi-agent framework with a built-in self-evolution mechanism and architecture-level safety sandbox for robust clinical decision support. The system integrates three specialized agents, including a Clinical Diagnostic Agent (CDA) for hypothesis generation, a Therapeutic Execution Agent (TEA) for treatment planning, and a Clinical Evolution Manager Agent (CEMA) that distills longitudinal clinical feedback into reusable knowledge, transforming multimodal patient information into personalized medical decisions. Through self-evolution mechanism, the framework enables iterative updates across memory, model behavior, and decision strategies, allowing the system to improve over time. Experimental results show that VIBEMed demonstrates superior performance through its evolving mechanism in complex clinical cases, particularly in tasks that require integrated decision-making and longitudinal planning. The framework also supports reliable end-to-end decisions in challenging scenarios such as oncology treatment planning, highlighting its feasibility in real-world clinical contexts. Overall, VIBEMed provides a practical path beyond static AI systems toward adaptive, experience-driven clinical decision support, demonstrating the value of combining multi-agent collaboration with continuous evolution for advancing precision medicine.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2026

Wherefore Art Thou? Provenance-Guided Automatic Online Debugging with Lumos

Debugging distributed systems in-production is inevitable and hard. Myriad interactions between concurrent components in modern, complex and large-scale systems cause non-deterministic bugs that offline testing and verification fail to capture. When bugs surface at runtime, their root causes may be far removed from their symptoms. To identify a root cause, developers often need evidence scattered across multiple components and traces. Unfortunately, existing tools fail to quickly and automatically record useful provenance information at low overheads, leaving developers to manually perform the onerous evidence collection task. Lumos is an online debugging framework that exposes application-level bug provenances--the computational history linking symptoms of an incident to their root causes. Lumos leverages dependency-guided instrumentation powered by static analysis to identify program state related to a bug's provenance, and exposes them via lightweight on-demand recording. Lumos provides developers with enough evidence to identify a bug's root cause, while incurring low runtime overhead, and given only a few occurrences of a bug.

cs.SE↗

arXiv2026

UniCAD: A Unified Benchmark and Universal Model for Multi-Modal Multi-Task CAD

Computer-Aided Design (CAD) underpins modern engineering and manufacturing by enabling the creation of precise, editable 3D models. However, CAD research typically studies tasks in isolation, and multi-modal, multi-task learning for CAD is hindered by the absence of a unified benchmark. To address this gap, we introduce UniCAD, a comprehensive benchmark for multi-modal CAD learning that covers point-to-CAD reconstruction, text/image-to-CAD generation, and CAD question answering across diverse input modalities. Alongside the benchmark, we present UniCAD-MLLM, a universal multi-modal large language model that ingests text, images, sketches, and point clouds and performs these heterogeneous tasks in an end-to-end fashion within a single framework. Extensive experiments on the UniCAD and Fusion360 benchmarks demonstrate that UniCAD-MLLM achieves state-of-the-art performance across all tasks, outperforming existing task-specific and multi-task baselines. We will release the dataset, code, and pretrained models to accelerate future research.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

A$_3$B$_2$: Adaptive Asymmetric Adapter for Alleviating Branch Bias in Vision-Language Image Classification with Few-Shot Learning

Efficient transfer learning methods for large-scale vision-language models ($e.g.$, CLIP) enable strong few-shot transfer, yet existing adaptation methods follow a fixed fine-tuning paradigm that implicitly assumes a uniform importance of the image and text branches, which has not been systematically studied in image classification. Through extensive analysis, we reveal a Branch Bias issue in vision-language image classification: adapting the image encoder does not always improve performance under out-of-distribution settings. Motivated by this observation, we propose A$_3$B$_2$, an Adaptive Asymmetric Adapter that alleviates Branch Bias in few-shot learning. A$_3$B$_2$ introduces Uncertainty-Aware Adapter Dampening (UAAD), which automatically suppresses image-branch adaptation when prediction uncertainty is high, enabling soft and data-driven control without manual intervention. Architecturally, A$_3$B$_2$ adopts a lightweight asymmetric design inspired by mixture-of-experts with Load Balancing Regularization. Extensive experiments on three few-shot image classification tasks across 11 datasets demonstrate that A$_3$B$_2$ consistently outperforms 11 competitive prompt- and adapter-based baselines.

cs.CV↗