Integrated Circular Polarisation Beam Shaper Based on Tilted Waveguide Bragg Gratings
Scalable quantum platforms require optical systems that deliver well-defined polarisation without relying on macroscopic bulk optics or manual alignment, motivating chip-integrated approaches capable of shaping both the spatial mode and the polarisation of the emitted field. By developing a full three-dimensional analytical model of the scattering process together with numerical simulations to design and evaluate the emitted field, we show that tilted waveguide Bragg gratings can act as integrated polarisation beam shapers. We find that scattering two co-propagating, orthogonally polarised pumps on a single grating is fundamentally limited: waveguide birefringence and the difference in scattering efficiency prevent full polarisation control. We overcome this with an orthogonal superimposed-grating architecture in which two gratings driven independently by two pumps propagating perpendicular to each other succeed in generating any desired polarisation output apart from directions in a narrow spatial region. The approach provides a scalable, chip-integrated route to polarisation-engineered light delivery for quantum technologies.