arXiv subjects

Julie Bauml

Publications and source records attributed to Julie Bauml.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Foundation model embeddings capture pre-diagnostic changes on screening mammograms

Foundation model embeddings of screening mammograms may encode pre-diagnostic tissue change without task-specific adaptation. We tested whether embeddings move faster along a data-derived "cancer direction" in women later biopsied for cancer than in matched screen-negative controls, and whether this depends on pretraining domain. We studied 1,773 biopsied women (785 malignant, 988 biopsy-negative) and 1,773 matched controls, each with at least two annual screening exams before their index exam. An identical pipeline was applied to four 2D models: Mammo-CLIP (MC, out-of-distribution mammography), HOPPR (in-distribution mammography), MedImageInsight (MII, general medical imaging), and BiomedCLIP (biomedical vision-language pretraining on literature figures). Breast-level embeddings quantified longitudinal movement along the cancer direction. We compared cases and controls using a between-patient design with complementary mixed-effects analysis, and biopsied versus healthy contralateral breasts within patients. Under matched modality in MII embedding space, malignant cases drifted significantly faster than controls in the first two screening intervals preceding the index exam; biopsy-negative cases showed significance only in the first. MC differences were significant in the first interval for both biopsy groups. Within-patient comparisons showed a broadly similar pattern, with MC significance extending to the second interval in both groups and HOPPR showing significance at interval 1. BiomedCLIP showed no significant differences in either design or biopsy group. Overall, directional embedding velocity emerges as a property of clinically grounded rather than general biomedical pretraining, showing that foundation model embeddings can encode pre-diagnostic mammographic change without task-specific adaptation.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

CheXTemporal: A Dataset for Temporally-Grounded Reasoning in Chest Radiography

Chest radiograph interpretation requires temporal reasoning over prior and current studies, yet most vision-language models are trained on static image-report pairs and lack explicit supervision for modeling longitudinal change. We introduce CheXTemporal, a dataset for temporally grounded reasoning in chest radiography consisting of paired prior-current chest X-rays (CXR) with finding-level temporal and spatial annotations. The dataset includes a five-class progression taxonomy (new, worse, stable, improved, resolved), localized spatial supervision of pathology, explicit spatial-temporal alignment across paired studies, and multi-source coverage for cross-domain evaluation. We additionally construct a 280K-pair silver dataset with automatically derived temporal and anatomical supervision for large-scale evaluation under weaker supervision. Using these resources, we evaluate multiple state-of-the-art vision-language CXR models on grounding and progression-classification tasks in a zero-shot setting. Across both gold and silver evaluations, current models exhibit consistent limitations in spatial grounding, fine-grained temporal reasoning, and robustness under distribution shift. In particular, models perform substantially better on salient progression categories such as worse than on temporally subtle states such as stable and resolved, suggesting limited modeling of longitudinal disease evolution in chest radiography.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

RadEval: A framework for radiology text evaluation

We introduce RadEval, a unified, open-source framework for evaluating radiology texts. RadEval consolidates a diverse range of metrics, from classic n-gram overlap (BLEU, ROUGE) and contextual measures (BERTScore) to clinical concept-based scores (F1CheXbert, F1RadGraph, RaTEScore, SRR-BERT, TemporalEntityF1) and advanced LLM-based evaluators (GREEN). We refine and standardize implementations, extend GREEN to support multiple imaging modalities with a more lightweight model, and pretrain a domain-specific radiology encoder, demonstrating strong zero-shot retrieval performance. We also release a richly annotated expert dataset with over 450 clinically significant error labels and show how different metrics correlate with radiologist judgment. Finally, RadEval provides statistical testing tools and baseline model evaluations across multiple publicly available datasets, facilitating reproducibility and robust benchmarking in radiology report generation.

cs.CL↗