Cold free radical molecules in the laboratory frame
A special class of molecules that are important to many subfields in molecular dynamics and chemical physics, namely free radical molecules, now enjoy a significant degree of center-of-mass motion control in the laboratory frame. The example reported in this paper concerns hydroxyl radical (OH), which, after the internal degrees of freedom are cooled in a supersonic expansion, has been bunched, accelerated, and slowed using time-varying inhomogeneous electric fields. In situ observations of laser-induced fluorescence along the beam propagation path allows for detailed characterization of the longitudinal phase-space manipulation of OH molecules by the electric fields. The creation of a pulse containing 1e3 to 1e6 molecules possessing a longitudinal velocity spread from 2 to 80 m/s around a mean laboratory velocity variable from 550 m/s to rest with only a few mm spatial extent represents an exciting and useful new experimental capability for exploring free radical dynamics. This paper offers the most detailed study of the Stark deceleration dynamics to date.