Multifractal analysis of maximal product of consecutive partial quotients in continued fractions
Let $[a_1(x), a_2(x), \ldots, a_n(x), \ldots]$ be the continued fraction expansion of an irrational number $x\in (0,1)$. We study the growth rate of the maximal product of consecutive partial quotients among the first $n$ terms, defined by $L_n(x)=\max_{1\leq i\leq n}\{a_i(x)a_{i+1}(x)\}$, from the viewpoint of multifractal analysis. More precisely, we determine the Hausdorff dimension of the level set \[L(φ):=\left\{x\in (0,1):\lim_{n\to \infty}\frac{L_n(x)}{φ(n)}=1\right\},\] where $φ:\mathbb{R^+}\to\mathbb{R^+}$ is an increasing function such that $\log φ$ is a regularly increasing function with index $ρ$. We show that there exists a jump of the Hausdorff dimension of $L(φ)$ when $ρ=1/2$. We also construct uncountably many discontinuous functions $ψ$ that cause the Hausdorff dimension of $L(ψ)$ to transition continuously from 1 to 1/2, filling the gap when $ρ=1/2$.