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L. Chen

Publications and source records attributed to L. Chen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2026

Study of $e^+e^- \to π^+π^-Υ(1D)$ at Belle II

The bottomonium spectrum, consisting of bound states of a $ b $ quark and an anti-$ b $ quark, provides an excellent laboratory for probing quantum chromodynamics in the non-perturbative regime. While S and P-wave bottomonium states are well studied experimentally, information on D-wave states remains scarce. We search for the D-wave bottomonium states $ Υ_2(1D) $ and $ Υ_3(1D) $ via the decay of a vector bottomonium-like state $Υ(10753)$ in the reaction $e^+e^- \to π^+π^- Υ(1D)$, using $19.6~\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ of data collected with the Belle II detector at center-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s} = 10.653$, 10.701, 10.745, and 10.805~GeV, in the vicinity of the $ Υ(10753) $ resonance. No significant signals are observed. We set upper limits at the 90\% credibility level on the products of the cross sections and branching fractions, $σ[e^+e^- \to π^+π^- Υ_2(1D)] \times \mathcal{B}[Υ_2(1D) \to γχ_{b1}]$ and $σ[e^+e^- \to π^+π^- Υ_3(1D)] \times \mathcal{B}[Υ_3(1D) \to γχ_{b2}]$, at each center-of-mass energy.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2026

Energy Correlators Within Jets in Transversely Polarized Proton-Proton Collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 200$ GeV

We report the first measurement of one- and two-point energy correlators within jets in transversely polarized proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV, using the STAR detector at RHIC. These observables quantify the energy-weighted angular distribution of single hadrons and hadron pairs within jets, respectively. Sizable spin-dependent asymmetries are observed for $π^+$, $π^-$, and $π^+π^-$ pairs, revealing the onset of nonperturbative dynamics at specific angular scales. By projecting the fragmentation dynamics onto Mellin moments, these measurements provide sensitivity to the nucleon's transversity while minimizing uncertainties from nonperturbative fragmentation functions. These results establish energy correlators as a novel and precise probe of nucleon structure and open a promising avenue for three-dimensional nucleon tomography at the future Electron-Ion Collider.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2026

Search for the decay $B^+ \rightarrow K^+τ^+τ^-$ using data from the Belle and Belle II experiments

We report a search for the rare decay $B^{+} \rightarrow K^{+} τ^{+} τ^{-}$ using $1.2 \times 10^9$ $Υ(4S)$ mesons produced near threshold in electron-positron collisions and collected by the Belle and Belle~II experiments. We fully reconstruct the hadronic decay of one $B$ meson produced in the $Υ(4S)\rightarrow B^{+} B^{-}$ decay, and search for $B^{\pm}\rightarrow K^{\pm} τ^{+}τ^{-}$ candidates among the remaining collision products, reconstructing a charged kaon and leptonic decays of the $τ$ leptons. We optimize the selection for best sensitivity and look for an excess over background at low values of the residual energy detected in the calorimeter after full event reconstruction. We observe no significant excess and set the limit $\mathcal{B}(B^{+}\rightarrow K^{+}τ^{+}τ^{-})< 0.56\times 10^{-3}$ at the 90% confidence level, improving on the only previous result by a factor of four.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2026

Electrostatic control of Li+ density and transport rate in double-gated van der Waals devices

Ion transport in crystalline hosts is controlled by an applied potential that simultaneously sets ionic distribution and transport rate, restricting operation to a one-dimensional control space. Here we show that the transport rate of Li+ ions in double-gated van der Waals devices can be modulated while the system occupies fixed ionic-density states. We measure the ionic current along the van der Waals interfaces between hexagonal boron nitride and graphene or MoS2 while simultaneously monitoring the in-plane electronic response. The ionic current exhibits pronounced hysteresis, with plateaus marking discrete ionic-density states balanced by electronic charge, while an independently tuneable electrochemical-potential drop controls the ionic transport rate. The devices sustain over 1,000 switching cycles and function as hybrid ionic-electronic transistors capable of logic operations and memory retention, with ON/OFF ratios exceeding two orders of magnitude. This work demonstrates a two-dimensional control space for ions intercalated in layered materials.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗
arXiv2026

Search for the lepton-flavor-violating decay $ τ^{\pm} \to μ^{\pm} γ$ at Belle II

We present a search for the lepton-flavor-violating decay $τ^{\pm}\toμ^{\pm}γ$ using a data sample that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 428 fb$^{-1}$ recorded by the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy $e^{+}e^{-}$ collider. We employ a multivariate classifier to suppress the backgrounds from the Standard Model processes, and the signal extraction is performed using an extended maximum-likelihood fit. Since no significant excess over the expected background is observed, we set an upper limit on the branching fraction $\mathcal{B}(τ^{\pm}\toμ^{\pm}γ) < 9.5$ $ (12.2)\times10^{-8}$ at the 90\% (95\%) confidence level, using the CL${_s}$ technique.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2026

Probing dark matter interactions with a RES-NOVA prototype cryogenic detector

We report on the operation of a 13 g PbWO$_4$ crystal, grown from archaeological Pb and operated as a cryogenic calorimeter in an underground environment. Read out with a Ge thermistor, the detector achieves a low energy threshold and, for the first time, enables the derivation of a dark matter exclusion limit using PbWO$_4$ as target material, for both spin-dependent interactions on neutrons and spin-independent interactions. Although limited in mass and not representative of the final RES-NOVA detector design, this prototype demonstrates effective control of mechanical vibrations and low-energy noise in a cryogenic system, which is a key requirement for rare-event searches. The experiment therefore provides a proof of principle for the RES-NOVA detection concept, validating the use of archaeological Pb-based PbWO$_4$ crystals, low-background operation, and robust data-analysis procedures. These results establish a solid technological and methodological foundation for future RES-NOVA detectors employing larger target masses and advanced thermal readout technologies.

physics.ins-det↗
arXiv2026

Probing large mass-splitting inelastic Dark Matter with RES-NOVA

Probing inelastic dark matter at large mass splittings requires heavy target nuclei, an extended recoil-energy range, and the high-velocity tail of the dark-matter distribution. We exploit these features with the RES-NOVA prototype detector, featuring a PbWO4 cryogenic calorimeter, produced from archaeological Pb and operated at the deep-underground laboratory of Gran Sasso of INFN (Italy), analyzing a 32.4 g day exposure over 2.5 keV - 1 MeV under both the Standard Halo Model (SHM) and a Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC)-motivated velocity distribution. We extend direct-detection constraints beyond the 330 keV reach of established technologies (e.g. Xe-based TPCs), probing splittings up to 510 (780) keV in the SHM (LMC) benchmark, while future exposures will probe new regions of the parameter space.

astro-ph.CO↗
arXiv2026

Search for the $\boldsymbol{B^0 \to K^0_{\rm S} τ^+ τ^-}$ decay

We present the first search for $B^0 \to K^0_{\rm S} τ^+τ^-$ decays. We look for signal decays in $B^0\bar B^0$ events produced in asymmetric-energy electron-positron collisions. This work uses samples from the Belle and Belle~II detectors, comprising 1.16 billion $Υ(4S)$ events. In $Υ(4S)\to B^0\bar{B}^0$ decays, the non-signal $\bar{B}^0$ meson is fully reconstructed in a hadronic channel. For the signal $B^0$ meson, $τ$-lepton decays into final states with a single charged particle are selected. A multivariate classifier is used to combine several discriminating inputs into a single fit observable. We observe no evidence for the signal and set an upper limit on the branching fraction $\mathcal{B}(B^0\to K^0_{\rm S} τ^+τ^-) < 8.3 \times 10^{-4}$ at the 90\% confidence level. Combining this with the recent measurement of the isospin-partner decay $B^+\to K^+τ^+τ^-$, we determine an upper limit $\mathcal{B}(B\to Kτ^+τ^-) < 5.4\times10^{-4}$ at the 90\% confidence level.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2026

Solar axion searches with RES-NOVA: projected sensitivity and first prototype limit

RES-NOVA is a cryogenic experiment based on PbWO4 scintillating bolometers produced from archaeological lead, originally designed to detect coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) from galactic core-collapse supernovae. We show that the same high-density, high-Z absorbers and sub-keV energy resolution make RES-NOVA an appealing probe of solar axions. We compute the expected signal from the Primakoff, ABC (atomic recombination and de-excitation, Bremsstrahlung, Compton), longitudinal-plasmon (LP), and 57Fe nuclear-line components of the solar axion flux, folded through the inverse-Primakoff and axioelectric detection channels in PbWO4, which probe the axion couplings to photons (g_a-gamma), electrons (g_ae), and nucleons (g_aN), respectively. We derive projected sensitivities for a 1 ton*y exposure of the RES-NOVA demonstrator in the (g_ae,g_a-gamma), (g_ae,g_aN), and (g_a-gamma,g_aN) planes. The projected reach in g_ae approaches that of XENONnT to within a factor of ~2, despite a background roughly four orders of magnitude higher, thanks to the large target mass, the high-Z enhancement of the axioelectric and inverse-Primakoff cross sections, and the sub-keV energy resolution. Because the inverse-Primakoff constraint on g_a-gamma relies on absorption rather than coherent conversion, it is independent of the axion mass, unlike bounds from magnetic helioscopes. We complement these projections with the first solar-axion exclusion limit obtained on real data with a 13 g PbWO4 prototype grown from archaeological lead, using a background-model-independent optimum-interval analysis. These results establish RES-NOVA as a promising multi-coupling probe of solar axions, with simultaneous sensitivity to g_ae, g_a-gamma and g_aN that is complementary to existing helioscope and direct-detection searches.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2026

Search for $Ξ^0p$, $Ω^- p$, and $Ω^- n$ dibaryons in $Υ(1S)$ and $Υ(2S)$ decays at Belle

We search for $Ξ^0p$, $Ω^-p$, and $Ω^-n$ dibaryon states in $Υ(1S)$ and $Υ(2S)$ decays, probing mass regions near the corresponding baryon-pair thresholds. Multistrange baryon-baryon interactions are relevant to neutron-star matter but remain largely unconstrained. Experimental and theoretical studies supporting attractive $ΞN$ and $ΩN$ interactions, where $N$ denotes a nucleon, motivate searches for weakly bound states. We use samples of $102$ million $Υ(1S)$ and $158$ million $Υ(2S)$ decays collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider. No significant signals are observed, and the first $90$% confidence-level upper limits are set on the branching fractions of $Υ(1S)$ and $Υ(2S)$ decays to $Ξ^0p$, $Ω^-p$, and $Ω^-n$ dibaryon states, at the level of $O(10^{-7})$-$O(10^{-6})$, depending on the channel and the assumed mass difference from the corresponding baryon-pair threshold.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2026

Search for axion-like particles decaying to two photons at Belle II

Axion-like particles (ALPs) are predicted in many extensions of the Standard Model and provide a well-motivated portal between visible and hidden sectors through their coupling to photons. We search for ALPs produced in the process $e^{+}e^{-}\toγa$, $a\toγγ$, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $408~\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ recorded by the Belle~II detector at the SuperKEKB $e^{+}e^{-}$ collider. Events containing three photons are used to reconstruct the ALP as a narrow peak in the di-photon invariant mass spectrum over the range $0.17 < m_{a} < 9.80~\mathrm{GeV}/c^{2}$. No significant excess above background is observed. We set 95\% confidence level upper limits on the production cross section and on the ALP-photon coupling $g_{aγγ}$, reaching sensitivities at the level of $10^{-4}~\mathrm{GeV}^{-1}$. The limits are the most restrictive to date over nearly the entire mass range $0.17 < m_{a} < 5.00~\mathrm{GeV}/c^{2}$, and improve upon previous results by up to a factor 9.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2026

Searches for charged-lepton-flavor violation in $χ_{bJ}(1P)$ decays

We report the first searches for charged-lepton-flavor violation in decays of $χ_{bJ}(1P)$ ($J=0, 1,$ and $2$) to a pair of charged leptons using 158 million $Υ(2S)$ decays collected with the Belle detector in $e^+e^-$ collisions at the KEKB collider. No significant signal is observed, and we set upper limits on the branching fractions for $χ_{bJ}(1P)$ decays to $e^\pmμ^\mp$ at the level of $10^{-6}$ and to $e^\pmτ^\mp$ or $μ^\pmτ^\mp$ at the level of $10^{-5}$. Limits on $χ_{b0}(1P)$ decays are translated into bounds on the corresponding Wilson coefficients of scalar operators that mediate charged-lepton-flavor violation.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2026

First measurement of the masses of the $Υ_1(1D)$ and $Υ_3(1D)$ states and the energy dependence of the cross sections for $e^+e^-\toΥ_J(1D)η$ and $e^+e^-\toΥ_J(1D)π^+π^-$

We study the processes $e^+e^-\toΥ_J(1D)η$ and $e^+e^-\toΥ_J(1D)π^+π^-$ at center-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s}$=(10.73 -- 11.02) GeV using a $142.5\,\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ data sample, including 122~fb$^{-1}$ near the $Υ$(10860) peak ($\sqrt{s}$ = 10.866 GeV), collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider. From the peak sample, the products of Born cross section times branching fraction are obtained for $σ_{\rm Born}(e^+e^-\toΥ_J(1D)η)$ or $σ_{\rm Born}(e^+e^-\toΥ_J(1D)π^+π^-)$ and ${\cal B}(Υ_J(1D)\toχ_{b1}γ)$ or ${\cal B}(Υ_J(1D)\toχ_{b2}γ)$ for each $Υ_J(1D)$ state. The corresponding branching fractions for $Υ(10860)$ decays are also obtained. The significances of the $Υ_1(1D)$, $Υ_2(1D)$, and $Υ_3(1D)$ signals are 4.8$σ$, ${>}10σ$, and 3.0$σ$, respectively, including systematic uncertainties. The mass for $Υ_2(1D)$ is measured to be $(10167.0\pm 1.0\pm 0.2)$ MeV/$c^2$, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic. The mass splittings $Δm_{12}=m(Υ_2(1D))-m(Υ_1(1D))$ and $Δm_{23}=m(Υ_3(1D))-m(Υ_2(1D))$ are $(11.8\pm1.5\pm0.4)$ MeV/$c^2$ and $(7.6\pm2.4\pm0.6)$ MeV/$c^2$, respectively.~We determine the energy dependence of the cross sections for $e^+e^-\toΥ_J(1D)η$ and $e^+e^-\toΥ_J(1D)π^+π^-$ for the $Υ_1(1D)$, $Υ_2(1D)$, and $Υ_3(1D)$ states, combined.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2026

Study of $B^+ \to μ^+ ν_μ$ decays at Belle and Belle II

We report a measurement of the branching fraction for the leptonic decay $B^+\toμ^+ν_μ$. This work presents the first $B^+\toμ^+ν_μ$ result using Belle~II data, an updated Belle measurement that supersedes the previous result, and their combination, which yields the most precise search to date. The analysis is based on $1076\,\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ of $e^+e^-$ collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy of $10.58\,\mathrm{GeV}$ with the Belle and Belle~II detectors at the KEKB and SuperKEKB colliders, respectively. We measure $\mathcal{B}(B^+\toμ^+ν_μ)=(4.4\pm1.9\pm 1.0)\times10^{-7}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The observed significance relative to the background-only hypothesis is 2.4 standard deviations. We set a 90\% confidence level upper limit of $\mathcal{B}(B^+\toμ^+ν_μ)<6.7\times10^{-7}$ using a frequentist approach and a 90\% credibility level upper limit of $\mathcal{B}(B^+\toμ^+ν_μ)<7.2\times 10^{-7}$ using a Bayesian approach. These are the most stringent limits to date. The result is interpreted as an exclusion region in the parameter space of type~II and type~III two-Higgs-doublet models. We search for stable sterile neutrinos with masses $m_N\in[0,1.5]\,\mathrm{GeV}$. No signal is observed, and the resulting exclusion on the squared mixing parameter $|U_{μN}|^2$ provides improvement over previous limits. We report a measurement of the partial branching fraction of semileptonic $B\to X_u\ellν_\ell$ decays with $p_μ^B>2.2\,\mathrm{GeV}$, obtaining $Δ\mathcal{B}(B\to X_u\ellν_\ell)=(2.72\pm0.05\pm0.29)\times10^{-4}$. We present a model-dependent study of weak annihilation decays using the muon momentum spectrum. We observe a signal of 2.4 standard deviations above the background-only hypothesis in regions where the distribution resembles that of $B\to X_u\ellν_\ell$ decays.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2026

Inclusive jet cross section in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 200$ and $510$ GeV

Jets are collimated clusters of particles formed by the hadronization of partons following a hard interaction. In proton-proton ($pp$) collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), jet production is dominated by $gg$ and $qg$ partonic processes, allowing us to directly probe the gluon parton distribution function (PDF) in the proton in a way complementary to deep inelastic scattering. In this paper, we report the double-differential inclusive-jet cross sections as a function of jet transverse momentum, $p_{\rm T}$, and pseudorapidity, $η$, at center-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s} = 200$ and $510$~GeV, from $pp$ collisions studied with the STAR detector. The jet $p_{\rm T}$ is corrected for underlying event contributions by applying an off-axis cone method. At mid-pseudorapidity, $|η| < 0.9$, the kinematic coverage of our data extends to $0.07 < x_{\rm T} \text{ (}= 2p_{\rm T}{} / \sqrt{s} \text{)} < 0.5$ and $0.03 < x_{\rm T} < 0.31$ at $\sqrt{s} = 200$~and 510 GeV, respectively, where the gluon PDF is poorly constrained by the TeV-scale $pp$~($p\bar{p}$) colliders. The inclusive jet cross sections are compared to the next-to-next-to-leading order perturbative quantum chromodynamics calculations using several recent PDF sets as inputs. These results will further constrain the gluon PDF, help tune Monte Carlo generators, and provide critical reference data needed to study the quark-gluon plasma.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2026

Charged-lepton identification at Belle~II

Effective particle identification capabilities are a strategic priority for the physics program of the Belle~II experiment. We describe the algorithms used at Belle~II for identifying electrons and muons and separating them from charged hadrons. We present the performance obtained by the experiment during Run 1, which consists of 428 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected at the energy-asymmetric $e^+e^-$ collider SuperKEKB between 2019 and 2022 at center-of-mass energies near the mass of the $Υ(4S)$.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2026

Study of $e^{+}e^{-}\to h^{+}h^{-}J/ψ~(h=π,~K,~p)$ via initial-state radiation at Belle~II

Using a data sample of 427.9 fb$^{-1}$ collected by the Belle~II detector at or near the $Υ(4S)$ and $Υ(10753)$ resonances, the cross sections for $e^+e^-\to h^+h^-J/ψ$ $(h=π/K/p)$ at center-of-mass energies ranging from 3.8 GeV or the production threshold to 5.5/6.0/7.0 GeV have been measured via initial-state radiation. The cross sections for the processes $e^+e^-\to π^+π^-J/ψ$ and $e^+e^-\to K^+K^-J/ψ$ are consistent with previously published results. The cross sections for these channels obtained by combining with previous Belle results are also given. The process $e^+e^-\to p\bar p J/ψ$ is investigated for the first time. The yields are small and no significant structure is observed in the cross section versus energy. Searches for vector charmonium-like states in the $h^+h^-J/ψ$ systems, and for associated intermediate states in the $h^{\pm} J/ψ$ systems, are also presented.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2026

First evidence of $X(3872)\toπ^0χ_{c0}(1P)$ and search for $X(3915)\toπ^0χ_{c1}(1P)$

We search for the pionic transitions $X(3872)\toπ^0χ_{cJ}(1P)$ $(J = 0,~1,~2)$ and $X(3915)\toπ^0χ_{c1}$ in $B^+\to π^0χ_{cJ}K^+$ decays using the Belle and Belle~II data samples collected at the $Υ(4S)$ resonance, corresponding to integrated luminosities of $711~\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ and $492~\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$, respectively. We report the first evidence for the decay $X(3872)\toπ^0χ_{c0}$ with a significance of $3.4σ$, including systematic uncertainties. We measure the product of branching fractions ${\cal B}(B^+\to X(3872)K^+)\times{\cal B}(X(3872)\toπ^0χ_{c0})=(20.0\pm6.8\pm2.3)\times10^{-6}$ and the branching fraction ratio ${\cal B}(X(3872)\toπ^0χ_{c0})/{\cal B}(X(3872)\toπ^+π^-J/ψ)=2.3\pm0.8\pm0.4$, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The upper limits at 90\% credibility on the products of branching fractions for the $π^0χ_{c1}$ and $π^0χ_{c2}$ modes are $7.5\times10^{-6}$ and $15.3\times10^{-6}$, respectively. The corresponding upper limits on the branching fraction ratios relative to the $π^+π^-J/ψ$ decay are $0.9$ and $1.8$. The measured branching fractions for $X(3872)\toπ^0χ_{cJ}$ are consistent with several theoretical predictions based on the hadronic molecular interpretation of the $X(3872)$. No significant signal is seen for the $X(3915)\toπ^0χ_{c1}$ decay, and we set the 90\% credibility upper limit of ${\cal B}(B^+\to X(3915)K^+)\times{\cal B}(X(3915)\toπ^0χ_{c1})<6.6\times10^{-6}$, while the decays for $J=0$ and 2 are forbidden by parity conservation.

hep-ex↗