VLTI/MATISSE observations of the hot dust around $β$ Pictoris: Observing faint objects with MATISSE
Context: Hot exozodiacal dust has been detected around approximately 20% of nearby main-sequence stars, indicating that it is a common feature of extrasolar planetary systems. However, its spatial distribution and grain properties remain poorly understood. Aims: We aim to show that the spatial distribution of hot dust around beta Pictoris, an iconic planetary system with two known planets and a population of exocomets, can be constrained through a detailed analysis of optical long-baseline interferometry data. Methods: We obtained L-band observations at approximately 3.5 microns of beta Pictoris with MATISSE at the VLTI. We developed a method to assess correlations in the visibility measurements by estimating the full data covariance matrix, and modeled the circumstellar emission with geometric brightness distributions. Results: We detect circumstellar emission around beta Pictoris consistent with hot exozodiacal dust. Modeling the emission with and without accounting for data correlations demonstrates their significant impact on the inferred dust properties. The best-fit model reveals a compact (approximately 0.05 au), highly inclined dust structure near the sublimation radius, misaligned by approximately 60 degrees on the sky with respect to the extended edge-on outer disk. It contributes approximately 4%-7.5% of the total flux at 3.4 microns and is composed of submicron-sized grains. The data are also compatible with an additional dust component near 1 au. Conclusions: For beta Pictoris, the two-decade-old paradigm placing hot exozodiacal dust near the sublimation radius and consisting of submicron-sized grains finds observational support in the detailed analysis of MATISSE data. The misalignment with the known debris disk further supports a link to exocometary activity.