arXiv subjects

Margherita Roggero

Publications and source records attributed to Margherita Roggero.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Smoothable Gorenstein points via marked schemes and double-generic initial ideals

Over an infinite field $K$ with $\mathrm{char}(K)\neq 2,3$, we investigate smoothable Gorenstein $K$-points in a punctual Hilbert scheme and obtain the following results: (i) every $K$-point defined by local Gorenstein $K$-algebras with Hilbert function $(1,7,7,1)$ is smoothable (this is the only case non treated in the range considered by Iarrobino and Kanev in 1999); (ii) the Hilbert scheme $\mathrm{Hilb}_{16}^7$ has at least $5$ irreducible components. As a byproduct of our study about $\mathrm{Hilb}_{16}^7$ we also find a new elementary component in $\mathrm{Hilb}_{15}^7$. We face the problem from a new point of view, that is based on properties of double-generic initial ideals and of marked schemes. The properties of marked schemes give us a simple method to compute the Zariski tangent space to a Hilbert scheme at a given $K$-point, which is very useful in this context. We also test our tools to find the already known result that $K$-points defined by local Gorenstein $K$-algebras with Hilbert function $(1,5,5,1)$ are smoothable. The problem that we consider is strictly related to the study of the irreducibility of the Gorenstein locus in a Hilbert scheme and, more generally, of the irreducibility of a Hilbert scheme, which is a very open question.

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arXiv2019

On the Quot scheme $\mathrm{Quot}_{\mathcal O_{\mathbb P^1}^r/\mathbb P^1/k}^d$

We consider the quot scheme $\mathrm{Quot}^d_{\mathcal F^r/ \mathbb P^1/ k}$ of locally free quotients of $\mathcal F^r:= \bigoplus ^{ r} \mathcal O_{\mathbb P^1 }$ with Hilbert polynomial $p(t)=d$. We prove that it is a smooth variety of dimension $dr$, locally isomorphic to $\mathbb A^{dr}$. We introduce a new notion of support for modules in $\mathrm{Quot}^d_{\mathcal F^r/ \mathbb P^1/ k}$, called Hilb-support that allows us to define a natural surjective morphism of schemes $ξ:\mathrm{Quot}^d_{\mathcal F^r/ \mathbb P^1/ k} \to \mathrm{Hilb}^d_{\mathcal O_{\mathbb P^1}} $ associating to each module its Hilb-support and study the fibres of $ξ$ over each $k$-point $Z$ of $\mathrm{Hilb}^d_{\mathcal O_{\mathbb P^1}}$. If $Z=Y_1+\dots+Y_n$, with $Y_j=t_jR_j$, where $R_1, \dots, R_n$ are distinct points, the fibre of $ξ$ over $Z$ is isomorphic to $\mathrm{Quot}^{t_1}_{\mathcal F\otimes \mathcal O_{Y_1}/ Y_1/ k}\times\dots \times \mathrm{Quot}^{t_n}_{\mathcal F\otimes \mathcal O_{Y_n}/ Y_n/ k}$. We then study the Quot scheme $\mathrm{Quot}^{t}_{\mathcal F^r\otimes \mathcal O_{Y}/ Y/ k}$ with $Y=tR$. For $t=1$, $\mathrm{Quot}^{t}_{\mathcal F^r\otimes \mathcal O_{Y}/ Y/ k}$ is isomorphic to $\mathbb P^{r-1}$, while for $t\geq 2$ we prove that it is formed by a main irreducible, reduced and singular component of dimension $t(r-1)$ and by some embedded component of lower dimension.

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arXiv2019

Quivers and equations a la Plücker for the Hilbert scheme

Several moduli spaces parametrizing linear subspaces of the projective space are cut out by linear and quadratic equations in their natural embedding: Grassmannians, Flag varieties, and Schubert varieties. The goal of this paper is to prove that a similar statement holds when one replaces linear subspaces with algebraic subschemes of the projective space. We exhibit equations of degree 1 and 2 that define schematically the Hilbert schemes $\mathbf{Hilb}^{p}_{\mathbb P^n}$ for all (possibly nonconstant) Hilbert polynomials $p$. The equations are reminiscent of the Plücker relations on the Grassmannians: they are built formally with permutations on indexes on the Plücker coordinates. Our method relies on a new construction of the Hilbert scheme as a quotient of a scheme of quiver representations.

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arXiv2018

Minimum-weight codewords of the Hermitian codes are supported on complete intersections

Let $\mathcal{H}$ be the Hermitian curve defined over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_{q^2}$. In this paper we complete the geometrical characterization of the supports of the minimum-weight codewords of the algebraic-geometry codes over $\mathcal{H}$, started in [1]: if $d$ is the distance of the code, the supports are all the sets of $d$ distinct $\mathbb{F}_{q^2}$-points on $\mathcal{H}$ complete intersection of two curves defined by polynomials with prescribed initial monomials w.r.t. \texttt{DegRevLex}. For most Hermitian codes, and especially for all those with distance $d\geq q^2-q$ studied in [1], one of the two curves is always the Hermitian curve $\mathcal{H}$ itself, while if $d<q$ the supports are complete intersection of two curves none of which can be $\mathcal{H}$. Finally, for some special codes among those with intermediate distance between $q$ and $q^2-q$, both possibilities occur. We provide simple and explicit numerical criteria that allow to decide for each code what kind of supports its minimum-weight codewords have and to obtain a parametric description of the family (or the two families) of the supports. [1] C. Marcolla and M. Roggero, Hermitian codes and complete intersections, arXiv preprint arXiv:1510.03670 (2015).

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arXiv2018

Hermitian codes and complete intersections

In this paper we present a geometrical characterization for the minimum-weight codewords of the Hermitian codes over the fields $\mathbb{F}_{q^2}$ in the third and fourth phase, namely with distance $d \geq q^2-q$. We consider the unique writing $μq + λ(q+1)$ of the distance $d$ with $μ, λ$ non negative integers, and $μ\leq q$, and prove that the minimum-weight codewords correspond to complete intersection divisors cut on the Hermitian curve $\mathcal{H}$ by curves $\mathcal X$ of degree $μ+λ$ having $x^μy^λ$ as leading term w.r.t. the $\texttt{DegRevLex}$ term ordering (with $y>x$). Moreover, we show that any such curve $\mathcal X$ corresponds to minimum-weight codewords provided that the complete intersection divisor $\mathcal{H}\cap \mathcal X$ is made of simple $\mathbb{F}_{q^2}$-points. Finally, using this geometric characterization, we propose an algorithm to compute the number of minimum weight codewords and we present comparison tables between our algorithm and MAGMA command $\mathtt{MinimumWords}$.

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arXiv2018

Computing Quot schemes via marked bases over quasi-stable modules

Let $ \Bbbk$ be a field of arbitrary characteristic, $A$ a Noetherian $ \Bbbk$-algebra and consider the polynomial ring $A[\mathbf x]=A[x_0,\dots,x_n]$. We consider homogeneous submodules of $A[\mathbf x]^m$ having a special set of generators: a marked basis over a quasi-stable module. Such a marked basis inherits several good properties of a Gröbner basis, including a Noetherian reduction relation. The set of submodules of $A[\mathbf x]^m$ having a marked basis over a given quasi-stable module has an affine scheme structure that we are able to exhibit. Furthermore, the syzygies of a module generated by such a marked basis are generated by a marked basis, too (over a suitable quasi-stable module in $\oplus^{m'}_{i=1} A[\mathbf x](-d_i)$). We apply the construction of marked bases and related properties to the investigation of Quot functors (and schemes). More precisely, for a given Hilbert polynomial, we can explicitely construct (up to the action of a general linear group) an open cover of the corresponding Quot functor made up of open functors represented by affine schemes. This gives a new proof that the Quot functor is the functor of points of a scheme. We also exhibit a procedure to obtain the equations defining a given Quot scheme as a subscheme of a suitable Grassmannian. Thanks to the good behaviour of marked bases with respect to Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity, we can adapt our methods in order to study the locus of the Quot scheme given by an upper bound on the regularity of its points.

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arXiv2018

A general framework for Noetherian well ordered polynomial reductions

Polynomial reduction is one of the main tools in computational algebra with innumerable applications in many areas, both pure and applied. Since many years both the theory and an efficient design of the related algorithm have been solidly established. This paper presents a general definition of polynomial reduction structure, studies its features and highlights the aspects needed in order to grant and to efficiently test the main properties (noetherianity, confluence, ideal membership). The most significant aspect of this analysis is a negative reappraisal of the role of the notion of term order which is usually considered a central and crucial tool in the theory. In fact, as it was already established in the computer science context in relation with termination of algorithms, most of the properties can be obtained simply considering a well-founded ordering, while the classical requirement that it be preserved by multiplication is irrelevant. The last part of the paper shows how the polynomial basis concepts present in literature are interpreted in our language and their properties are consequences of the general results established in the first part of the paper.

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arXiv2017

Macaulay-like marked bases

We define marked sets and bases over a quasi-stable ideal $\mathfrak j$ in a polynomial ring on a Noetherian $K$-algebra, with $K$ a field of any characteristic. The involved polynomials may be non-homogeneous, but their degree is bounded from above by the maximum among the degrees of the terms in the Pommaret basis of $\mathfrak j$ and a given integer $m$. Due to the combinatorial properties of quasi-stable ideals, these bases behave well with respect to homogenization, similarly to Macaulay bases. We prove that the family of marked bases over a given quasi-stable ideal has an affine scheme structure, is flat and, for large enough $m$, is an open subset of a Hilbert scheme. Our main results lead to algorithms that explicitly construct such a family. We compare our method with similar ones and give some complexity results.

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arXiv2016

Double-Generic Initial Ideal and Hilbert Scheme

Following the approach in the book "Commutative Algebra", by D. Eisenbud, where the author describes the generic initial ideal by means of a suitable total order on the terms of an exterior power, we introduce first the generic initial extensor of a subset of a Grassmannian and then the double-generic initial ideal of a so-called GL-stable subset of a Hilbert scheme. We discuss the features of these new notions and introduce also a partial order which gives another useful description of them. The double-generic initial ideals turn out to be the appropriate points to understand some geometric properties of a Hilbert scheme: they provide a necessary condition for a Borel ideal to correspond to a point of a given irreducible component, lower bounds for the number of irreducible components in a Hilbert scheme and the maximal Hilbert function in every irreducible component. Moreover, we prove that every isolated component having a smooth double-generic initial ideal is rational. As a byproduct, we prove that the Cohen-Macaulay locus of the Hilbert scheme parameterizing subschemes of codimension 2 is the union of open subsets isomorphic to affine spaces. This improves results by J. Fogarty (1968) and R. Treger (1989).

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arXiv2016

On the functoriality of marked families

The application of methods of computational algebra has recently introduced new tools for the study of Hilbert schemes. The key idea is to define flat families of ideals endowed with a scheme structure whose defining equations can be determined by algorithmic procedures. For this reason, several authors developed new methods, based on the combinatorial properties of Borel-fixed ideals, that allow to associate to each ideal $J$ of this type a scheme $\mathbf{Mf}_{J}$, called $J$-marked scheme. In this paper we provide a solid functorial foundation to marked schemes and show that the algorithmic procedures introduced in previous papers do not depend on the ring of coefficients. We prove that for all strongly stable ideals $J$, the marked schemes $\mathbf{Mf}_{J}$ can be embedded in a Hilbert scheme as locally closed subschemes, and that they are open under suitable conditions on $J$. Finally, we generalize Lederer's result about Gröbner strata of zero-dimensional ideals, proving that Gröbner strata of any ideals are locally closed subschemes of Hilbert schemes.

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arXiv2015

The scheme of liftings and applications

We study the locus of the liftings of a homogeneous ideal $H$ in a polynomial ring over any field. We prove that this locus can be endowed with a structure of scheme $\mathrm L_H$ by applying the constructive methods of Gröbner bases, for any given term order. Indeed, this structure does not depend on the term order, since it can be defined as the scheme representing the functor of liftings of $H$. We also provide an explicit isomorphism between the schemes corresponding to two different term orders. Our approach allows to embed $\mathrm L_H$ in a Hilbert scheme as a locally closed subscheme, and, over an infinite field, leads to find interesting topological properties, as for instance that $\mathrm L_H$ is connected and that its locus of radical liftings is open. Moreover, we show that every ideal defining an arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay scheme of codimension two has a radical lifting, giving in particular an answer to an open question posed by L. G. Roberts in 1989.

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arXiv2015

Minimal Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity for a given Hilbert polynomial

Let $K$ be an algebraically closed field of null characteristic and $p(z)$ a Hilbert polynomial. We look for the minimal Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity $m_{p(z)}$ of closed subschemes of projective spaces over $K$ with Hilbert polynomial $p(z)$. Experimental evidences led us to consider the idea that $m_{p(z)}$ could be achieved by schemes having a suitable minimal Hilbert function. We give a constructive proof of this fact. Moreover, we are able to compute the minimal Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity $m_p(z)^{\varrho}$ of schemes with Hilbert polynomial $p(z)$ and given regularity $\varrho$ of the Hilbert function, and also the minimal Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity $m_u$ of schemes with Hilbert function $u$. These results find applications in the study of Hilbert schemes. They are obtained by means of minimal Hilbert functions and of two new constructive methods which are based on the notion of growth-height-lexicographic Borel set and called ideal graft and extended lifting.

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arXiv2014

Extensors and the Hilbert scheme

The Hilbert scheme $\mathbf{Hilb}_{p(t)}^{n}$ parametrizes closed subschemes and families of closed subschemes in the projective space $\mathbb{P}^n$ with a fixed Hilbert polynomial $p(t)$. It is classically realized as a closed subscheme of a Grassmannian or a product of Grassmannians. In this paper we consider schemes over a field $k$ of characteristic zero and we present a new proof of the existence of the Hilbert scheme as a subscheme of the Grassmannian $\mathbf{Gr}_{p(r)}^{N(r)}$, where $N(r)= h^0 (\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^n}(r))$. Moreover, we exhibit explicit equations defining it in the Plücker coordinates of the Plücker embedding of $\mathbf{Gr}_{p(r)}^{N(r)}$. Our proof of existence does not need some of the classical tools used in previous proofs, as flattening stratifications and Gotzmann's Persistence Theorem. The degree of our equations is $\text{deg} p(t)+2$, lower than the degree of the equations given by Iarrobino and Kleiman in 1999 and also lower (except for the case of hypersurfaces) than the degree of those proved by Haiman and Sturmfels in 2004 after Bayer's conjecture in 1982. The novelty of our approach mainly relies on the deeper attention to the intrinsic symmetries of the Hilbert scheme and on some results about Grassmannian based on the notion of extensors.

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arXiv2014

The locus of points of the Hilbert scheme with bounded regularity

In this paper we consider the Hilbert scheme $Hilb_{p(t)}^n$ parameterizing subschemes of $P^n$ with Hilbert polynomial $p(t)$, and we investigate its locus containing points corresponding to schemes with regularity lower than or equal to a fixed integer $r'$. This locus is an open subscheme of $Hilb_{p(t)}^n$ and, for every $s\geq r'$, we describe it as a locally closed subscheme of the Grasmannian $Gr_{p(s)}^{N(s)}$ given by a set of equations of degree $\leq \mathrm{deg}(p(t))+2$ and linear inequalities in the coordinates of the Plücker embedding.

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arXiv2014

Borel Degenerations of Arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay curves in P^3

We investigate Borel ideals on the Hilbert scheme components of arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay (ACM) codimension two schemes in P^n. We give a basic necessary criterion for a Borel ideal to be on such a component. Then considering ACM curves in P^3 on a quadric we compute in several examples all the Borel ideals on their Hilbert scheme component. Based on this we conjecture which Borel ideals are on such a component, and for a range of Borel ideals we prove that they are on the component.

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arXiv2013

Term-ordering free involutive bases

In this paper, we consider a monomial ideal J in P := A[x1,...,xn], over a commutative ring A, and we face the problem of the characterization for the family Mf(J) of all homogeneous ideals I in P such that the A-module P/I is free with basis given by the set of terms in the Groebner escalier N(J) of J. This family is in general wider than that of the ideals having J as initial ideal w.r.t. any term-ordering, hence more suited to a computational approach to the study of Hilbert schemes. For this purpose, we exploit and enhance the concepts of multiplicative variables, complete sets and involutive bases introduced by Janet and we generalize the construction of J-marked bases and term-ordering free reduction process introduced and deeply studied for the special case of a strongly stable monomial ideal J. Here, we introduce and characterize for every monomial ideal J a particular complete set of generators F(J), called stably complete, that allows an explicit description of the family Mf(J). We obtain stronger results if J is quasi stable, proving that F(J) is a Pommaret basis and Mf(J) has a natural structure of affine scheme. The final section presents a detailed analysis of the origin and the historical evolution of the main notions we refer to.

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arXiv2013

Flat families by strongly stable ideals and a generalization of Groebner bases

Let J be a strongly stable monomial ideal in S=K[x_1,...,x_n] and let Mf(J) be the family of all homogeneous ideals I in S such that the set of all terms outside J is a K-vector basis of the quotient S/I. We show that an ideal I belongs to Mf(J) if and only if it is generated by a special set of polynomials, the J-marked basis of I, that in some sense generalizes the notion of reduced Groebner basis and its constructive capabilities. Indeed, although not every J-marked basis is a Groebner basis with respect to some term order, a sort of normal form modulo I (with the ideal I in Mf(J)) can be computed for every homogeneous polynomial, so that a J-marked basis can be characterized by a Buchberger-like criterion. Using J-marked bases, we prove that the family Mf(J) can be endowed, in a very natural way, with a structure of affine scheme that turns out to be homogeneous with respect to a non-standard grading and flat in the origin (the point corresponding to J), thanks to properties of J-marked bases analogous to those of Groebner bases about syzygies.

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arXiv2013

A Borel open cover of the Hilbert scheme

Let $p(t)$ be an admissible Hilbert polynomial in $\PP^n$ of degree $d$. The Hilbert scheme $\hilb^n_p(t)$ can be realized as a closed subscheme of a suitable Grassmannian $ \mathbb G$, hence it could be globally defined by homogeneous equations in the Plucker coordinates of $ \mathbb G$ and covered by open subsets given by the non-vanishing of a Plucker coordinate, each embedded as a closed subscheme of the affine space $A^D$, $D=\dim(\mathbb G)$. However, the number $E$ of Plucker coordinates is so large that effective computations in this setting are practically impossible. In this paper, taking advantage of the symmetries of $\hilb^n_p(t)$, we exhibit a new open cover, consisting of marked schemes over Borel-fixed ideals, whose number is significantly smaller than $E$. Exploiting the properties of marked schemes, we prove that these open subsets are defined by equations of degree $\leq d+2$ in their natural embedding in $\Af^D$. Furthermore we find new embeddings in affine spaces of far lower dimension than $D$, and characterize those that are still defined by equations of degree $\leq d+2$. The proofs are constructive and use a polynomial reduction process, similar to the one for Grobner bases, but are term order free. In this new setting, we can achieve explicit computations in many non-trivial cases.

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