A Collapse Process for Farthest Voronoi Diagrams of Lines in Three Dimensions
We study a \emph{collapse process} to construct the farthest Voronoi diagram of lines in three dimensions, given a spherical map of the diagram's unbounded features. The collapse process sweeps through the diagram in order of decreasing distance from the farthest lines. It follows the \emph{shrinking map}, a cell complex on a topological sphere that encodes the locus of points with a fixed farthest distance. We show that, in three dimensions, the collapse process has exactly four non-terminal local event types that change the structure of the shrinking map: \emph{deletion, swap, local minimum}, and \emph{local maximum} events; plus one terminal event. This list is complete. We give intrinsic three-dimensional geometric descriptions of the four non-terminal events. First, we classify the two vertex-related events, deletion and swap events, by the spherical convex hull of the four tangent points from a vertex to its four defining lines. Then, we analyze the events related to the local extrema of the distance function along the trisector of three lines. We show that the distance function along a trisector has at most $4$ local maxima and $8$ local minima, and that both bounds are tight. The extrema can be found via a polynomial of degree $12$. As a byproduct, this gives a direct method for finding the smallest sphere tangent to three given lines. At each local extremum, the tangent sphere touches the three lines at points lying on a great circle. The collapse process and the completeness of the event list also apply, under similar general position assumptions, to the farthest Voronoi diagram of convex sites under strictly convex distance functions.