arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Michael Grinfeld.
We suggest an approach to measuring biodiversity based on the spectrum of graph sheaf Laplacians associated with the sample data. In particular, we define a $β_{ss}$, a genuine generalisation of the multiplicative $β$-diversity. This scalar quantity is easily computable using methods of linear algebra. We show using simple examples that the notions we introduce (energies $E_k$ and $β_{ss}$) contain more information than just $β$-diversity.
We formulate new admissibility criteria for initial value problems motivated by the least action principle. These are applied to a two-dimensional Riemann initial value problem for the isentropic compressible Euler fluid flow. It is shown that the criterion prefers the 2-shock solution to solutions obtained by convex integration by Chiodaroli and Kreml or to the hybrid solutions recently constructed by Markfelder and Pellhammer.
One of the defining features of active nematics is that above a critical activity the quiescent state becomes unstable to a distorted, flowing one. We show that spatial variations in activity can fundamentally change the nature of this instability, affecting the symmetry of the unstable mode and producing spontaneous oscillations. We analytically identify a dynamical system for the evolution of the odd and even director modes, with the leading-order coefficients dependent on the activity profile, allowing a quantitative connection between the spatially-heterogeneous activity and dynamics, which we verify numerically. In the context of constant gradients in activity, we determine a phase diagram for the active response and highlight how variation of the activity profile causes the oscillations to vary from almost harmonic to relaxational. Our results indicate a novel route to spatio-temporal structure in active nematics and suggest experiments on controllable light-activated systems.
We consider the deterministic and stochastic versions of a first order non-autonomous differential equation which allows us to discuss the persistence of rivers ("fleuves") under noise.
This paper provides a new admissibility criterion for choosing physically relevant weak solutions of the equations of Lagrangian and continuum mechanics when non-uniqueness of solutions to the initial value problem occurs. The criterion is motivated by the classical least action principle but is now applied to initial value problems which exhibit non-unique solutions. Examples are provided to Lagrangian mechanics and the Euler equations of barotropic fluid mechanics. In particular, we show the least action admissibility principle prefers the classical two shock solution to the Riemann initial value problem to certain solutions generated by convex integration. On the other hand, Dafermos's entropy criterion prefers convex integration solutions to the two shock solutions. Furthermore, when the pressure is given by $p(ρ)=ρ^2$, we show that the two shock solution is always preferred whenever the convex integration solutions are defined for the same initial data.
A vector field similar to those separately introduced by Artstein and Dafermos is constructed from the tangent to a monotone increasing one-parameter family of non-concentric circles that touch at the common point of intersection taken as the origin. The circles define and space-fill a lens shaped region $Ω$ whose outer and inner boundaries are the greatest and least circles. The double cusp at the origin creates a geometric singularity at which the vector field is indeterminate and has non-unique limiting behaviour. A semi-inverse method that involves the Airy stress function then shows that the vector field corresponds to the displacement vector field for a linear plane compressible non-homogeneous isotropic elastostatic equilibrium problem in $Ω$ whose boundaries are rigidly rotated relative to each other, possibly causing rupture or tearing at the origin. A sequence of solutions is found for which not only are the Lamé parameters strongly-elliptic, but the non-unique limiting behaviour of the displacement is preserved. Other properties of the vector field are also established.
We present a modelling framework for the dynamics of cells structured by the concentration of a micromolecule they contain. We derive general equations for the evolution of the cell population and of the extra-cellular concentration of the molecule and apply this approach to models of silicosis, quorum sensing in Gram-negative bacteria and magnetic ion exchange.
In the framework of hyperbolic conservation laws regularised by including diffusive and dispersive terms, we study monotone travelling waves for the generalised Rosenau-Korteweg de Vries equation. We establish existence as well as linear and nonlinear determinacy results in different regimes.
We study an energy-constrained random walker on a length-$N$ interval of the one-dimensional integer lattice, with boundary reflection. The walker consumes one unit of energy for every step taken in the interior, and energy is replenished up to a capacity of~$M$ on each boundary visit. We establish large $N, M$ distributional asymptotics for the lifetime of the walker, i.e., the first time at which the walker runs out of energy while in the interior. Three phases are exhibited. When $M \ll N^2$ (energy is scarce), we show that there is an $M$-scale limit distribution related to a Darling-Mandelbrot law, while when $M \gg N^2$ (energy is plentiful) we show that there is an exponential limit distribution on a stretched-exponential scale. In the critical case where $M / N^2 \to ρ\in (0,\infty)$, we show that there is an $M$-scale limit in terms of an infinitely-divisible distribution expressed via certain theta functions.
We consider the shape of the free surface of steady pendent rivulets beneath a planar substrate. We formulate the governing equations in terms of two closely related dynamical systems and use classical phase-plane techniques to develop the bifurcation structure of the problem. Our results explain why lubrication theory is unable to capture this bifurcation structure for pendent rivulets, although it is successful in the related problem of sessile rivulets.
Examples of dynamical systems proposed by Z. Artstein and C. M. Dafermos admit non-unique solutions that track a one parameter family of closed circular orbits contiguous at a single point. Switching between orbits at this single point produces an infinite number of solutions with the same initial data. Dafermos appeals to a maximal entropy rate criterion to recover uniqueness. These results are here interpreted as non-unique Lagrange trajectories on a particular spatial region. The corresponding velocity is proved consistent with plane steady compressible fluid flows that for specified pressure and mass density satisfy not only the Euler equations but also the Navier-Stokes equations for specially chosen volume and (positive) shear viscosities. The maximal entropy rate criterion recovers uniqueness.
The Leinster and Cobbold diversity index possesses a number of merits; in particular, it generalises many existing indices and defines an effective number. We present a scheme to quantify the contribution of richness, evenness, and taxonomic similarity to this index. Compared to the work of van Dam (2019), our approach gives unbiased estimates of both evenness and similarity in a non-homogeneous community. We also introduce a notion of taxonomic tree equilibration which should be of use in the description of community structure.
We present a simple enzymatic system that is capable of a biphasic response under competitive inhibition. This is arguably the simplest system that can be said to be hormetic
We investigate the connection between the existence of an explicit travelling wave solution and the travelling wave with minimal speed in a scalar monostable reaction-diffusion equation.
Motivated by recent studies of bifurcations in liquid crystals cells [1,2] we consider a nonlinear pendulum ordinary differential equation in the bounded interval $(-L, L)$ with non-homogeneous mixed boundary conditions (Dirichlet an one end of the interval, Neumann at the other) and study the bifurcation diagram of its solutions having as bifurcation parameter the size of the interval, $2L$, and using techniques from phase space analysis, time maps, and asymptotic estimation of integrals, complemented by appropriate numerical evidence.
We use visibility graphs as a tool to analyse the results of kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations of submonolayer deposition in a one-dimensional point island model. We introduce an efficient algorithm for the computation of the visibility graph resulting from a kMC simulation and show that from the properties of the visibility graph one can determine the critical island size, thus demonstrating that the visibility graph approach, which implicitly combines size and spatial data, can provide insights into island nucleation and growth processes.
We analyse the structure of equilibria of a coagulation-fragmentation-death model of silicosis. We present exact multiplicity results in the particular case of piecewise-constant coefficients, results on existence and non-existence of equilibria in the general case, as well as precise asymptotics for the infinite series that arise in the case of power law coefficients.
The self-consistency of the distributional fixed-point equation (DFPE) approach to understanding the statistical properties of island nucleation and growth during submonolayer deposition is explored. We perform kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, in which point islands nucleate on a one-dimensional lattice during submonolyer deposition with critical island size $i$, and examine the evolution of the inter-island gaps as they are fragmented by new island nucleation. The DFPE couples the fragmentation probability distribution within the gaps to the consequent gap size distribution (GSD), and we find a good fit between the DFPE solutions and the observed GSDs for $i = 0, 1, 2, 3$. Furthermore, we develop numerical methods to address the inverse problem, namely the problem of obtaining the gap fragmentation probability from the observed GSD, and again find good self-consistency in the approach. This has consequences for its application to experimental situations where only the GSD is observed, and where the growth rules embodied in the fragmentation process must be deduced.