arXiv subjects

Muhammad Umar

Publications and source records attributed to Muhammad Umar.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2024

Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference

The rapid increase in the number of parameters in large language models (LLMs) has significantly increased the cost involved in fine-tuning and retraining LLMs, a necessity for keeping models up to date and improving accuracy. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) offers a promising approach to improving the capabilities and accuracy of LLMs without the necessity of retraining. Although RAG eliminates the need for continuous retraining to update model data, it incurs a trade-off in the form of slower model inference times. Resultingly, the use of RAG in enhancing the accuracy and capabilities of LLMs often involves diverse performance implications and trade-offs based on its design. In an effort to begin tackling and mitigating the performance penalties associated with RAG from a systems perspective, this paper introduces a detailed taxonomy and characterization of the different elements within the RAG ecosystem for LLMs that explore trade-offs within latency, throughput, and memory. Our study reveals underlying inefficiencies in RAG for systems deployment, that can result in TTFT latencies that are twice as long and unoptimized datastores that consume terabytes of storage.

cs.AR↗

arXiv2024

Lower-dimensional projections of cellular expression improves cell type classification from single-cell RNA sequencing

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables the study of cellular diversity at single cell level. It provides a global view of cell-type specification during the onset of biological mechanisms such as developmental processes and human organogenesis. Various statistical, machine and deep learning-based methods have been proposed for cell-type classification. Most of the methods utilizes unsupervised lower dimensional projections obtained from for a large reference data. In this work, we proposed a reference-based method for cell type classification, called EnProCell. The EnProCell, first, computes lower dimensional projections that capture both the high variance and class separability through an ensemble of principle component analysis and multiple discriminant analysis. In the second phase, EnProCell trains a deep neural network on the lower dimensional representation of data to classify cell types. The proposed method outperformed the existing state-of-the-art methods when tested on four different data sets produced from different single-cell sequencing technologies. The EnProCell showed higher accuracy (98.91) and F1 score (98.64) than other methods for predicting reference from reference datasets. Similarly, EnProCell also showed better performance than existing methods in predicting cell types for data with unknown cell types (query) from reference datasets (accuracy:99.52; F1 score: 99.07). In addition to improved performance, the proposed methodology is simple and does not require more computational resources and time. the EnProCell is available at https://github.com/umar1196/EnProCell.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2023

FLIQS: One-Shot Mixed-Precision Floating-Point and Integer Quantization Search

Quantization has become a mainstream compression technique for reducing model size, computational requirements, and energy consumption for modern deep neural networks (DNNs). With improved numerical support in recent hardware, including multiple variants of integer and floating point, mixed-precision quantization has become necessary to achieve high-quality results with low model cost. Prior mixed-precision methods have performed either a post-training quantization search, which compromises on accuracy, or a differentiable quantization search, which leads to high memory usage from branching. Therefore, we propose the first one-shot mixed-precision quantization search that eliminates the need for retraining in both integer and low-precision floating point models. We evaluate our search (FLIQS) on multiple convolutional and vision transformer networks to discover Pareto-optimal models. Our approach improves upon uniform precision, manual mixed-precision, and recent integer quantization search methods. With integer models, we increase the accuracy of ResNet-18 on ImageNet by 1.31% and ResNet-50 by 0.90% with equivalent model cost over previous methods. Additionally, for the first time, we explore a novel mixed-precision floating-point search and improve MobileNetV2 by up to 0.98% compared to prior state-of-the-art FP8 models. Finally, we extend FLIQS to simultaneously search a joint quantization and neural architecture space and improve the ImageNet accuracy by 2.69% with similar model cost on a MobileNetV2 search space.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2022

Assessment of Sustainable Funding Impact by Exploiting Research Performance Indicators and Semantic Techniques

This paper deploys bibliometric indices and semantic techniques for understanding to what extent research grants are likely to impact publications, research direction, and co-authorship rate of principal investigators. The novelty of this paper lies within the fact that it includes semantic analysis in the research funding evaluation process in order to effectively study short-term and long-term funding impact in terms of publication outputs. Our dataset consists of researchers that receive research grants from the National ICT Research and Development funding program of Pakistan. We show a number of interesting case studies to conclude that bibliometric-based quantitative assessment combined with semantics can lead to building better sustainable pathways to deploy evaluation frameworks for research funding effectively.

cs.DL↗

arXiv2020

GuardNN: Secure Accelerator Architecture for Privacy-Preserving Deep Learning

This paper proposes GuardNN, a secure DNN accelerator that provides hardware-based protection for user data and model parameters even in an untrusted environment. GuardNN shows that the architecture and protection can be customized for a specific application to provide strong confidentiality and integrity guarantees with negligible overhead. The design of the GuardNN instruction set reduces the TCB to just the accelerator and allows confidentiality protection even when the instructions from a host cannot be trusted. GuardNN minimizes the overhead of memory encryption and integrity verification by customizing the off-chip memory protection for the known memory access patterns of a DNN accelerator. GuardNN is prototyped on an FPGA, demonstrating effective confidentiality protection with ~3% performance overhead for inference.

cs.CR↗

arXiv2020

MGX: Near-Zero Overhead Memory Protection for Data-Intensive Accelerators

This paper introduces MGX, a near-zero overhead memory protection scheme for hardware accelerators. MGX minimizes the performance overhead of off-chip memory encryption and integrity verification by exploiting the application-specific properties of the accelerator execution. In particular, accelerators tend to explicitly manage data movement between on-chip and off-chip memories. Therefore, the general memory access pattern of an accelerator can largely be determined for a given application. Exploiting these characteristics, MGX generates version numbers used in memory encryption and integrity verification using on-chip accelerator state rather than storing them in the off-chip memory; it also customizes the granularity of the memory protection to match the granularity used by the accelerator. To demonstrate the efficacy of MGX, we present an in-depth study of MGX for DNN and graph algorithms. Experimental results show that on average, MGX lowers the performance overhead of memory protection from 28% and 33% to 4% and 5% for DNN and graph processing accelerators in a wide range of benchmarks, respectively.

cs.CR↗

arXiv2017

Impact on the Usage of Wireless Sensor Networks in Healthcare Sector

Recent advancement in the wireless sensor networks has provided a platform to numerous applications in healthcare sector. It has become an active research area due to its large scale potential. This research focuses on the application areas of wireless sensor networks specifically in the healthcare sector. In this work, we have tried to explain the different challenges faced by the WSNs in order to implement them. The different pros and cons of the WSNs in healthcare sector are also discussed. Some important parameters which can be used to evaluate the performance of the wireless sensor networks are also presented in this work. Wireless sensor networks have a tremendous future and it should be taken at its earliest because of the significant importance of the healthcare issues.

cs.CY↗