arXiv subjects

Nade Liang

Publications and source records attributed to Nade Liang.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

CoRE: Weakly Supervised Coarse-to-Fine Risk Evidence Learning in Driving Videos

Perceived risk in driving evolves over time and may be supported by specific scene entities, yet supervision is typically limited to coarse video-level judgments. Learning \emph{when} supporting evidence emerges and \emph{which entities} support a risk predictor would ordinarily require costly temporal- and entity-level annotations. We introduce \textbf{CoRE}, a weakly supervised coarse-to-fine framework that learns fine-grained prediction support from coarse video supervision. CoRE first trains a video-level predictor and then freezes it. Structured interventions over candidate temporal regions or entity tracks measure how each candidate changes the coarse prediction, producing graded prediction-effect targets. These targets are distilled into a student that directly predicts temporal and entity support from the original video, without requiring interventions at inference. We evaluate this learning principle across three complementary settings: RISEE tests perceived-risk support from subjective clip-level judgments without temporal or entity-level risk annotations; DoTA provides independent temporal event annotations for evaluating weakly supervised traffic-anomaly localization; and UCF-Crime tests whether the same coarse-to-fine mechanism extends to a standard non-driving anomaly-detection benchmark. Across these settings, CoRE learns informative fine-grained support from coarse supervision, with strong temporal localization on DoTA and competitive performance on UCF-Crime. These results show that coarse video predictions can provide useful supervision for recovering the fine-grained evidence supporting them, without requiring corresponding fine-grained labels.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

ICR-Drive: Instruction Counterfactual Robustness for End-to-End Language-Driven Autonomous Driving

Recent progress in vision-language-action (VLA) models has enabled language-conditioned driving agents to execute natural-language navigation commands in closed-loop simulation, yet standard evaluations largely assume instructions are precise and well-formed. In deployment, instructions vary in phrasing and specificity, may omit critical qualifiers, and can occasionally include misleading, authority-framed text, leaving instruction-level robustness under-measured. We introduce ICR-Drive, a diagnostic framework for instruction counterfactual robustness in end-to-end language-conditioned autonomous driving. ICR-Drive generates controlled instruction variants spanning four perturbation families: Paraphrase, Ambiguity, Noise, and Misleading, where Misleading variants conflict with the navigation goal and attempt to override intent. We replay identical CARLA routes under matched simulator configurations and seeds to isolate performance changes attributable to instruction language. Robustness is quantified using standard CARLA Leaderboard metrics and per-family performance degradation relative to the baseline instruction. Experiments on LMDrive and BEVDriver show that minor instruction changes can induce substantial performance drops and distinct failure modes, revealing a reliability gap for deploying embodied foundation models in safety-critical driving.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2025

FSDAM: Few-Shot Driving Attention Modeling via Vision-Language Coupling

Understanding not only where drivers look but also why their attention shifts is essential for interpretable human-AI collaboration in autonomous driving. Driver attention is not purely perceptual but semantically structured. Thus, attention shifts can be learned through minimal semantic supervision rather than dense large-scale annotation. We present \textbf{FSDAM} (\textbf{F}ew-\textbf{S}hot \textbf{D}river \textbf{A}ttention \textbf{M}odeling), a framework that achieves joint spatial attention prediction and structured explanation generation using 90 annotated examples. Our key insight is to decompose attention into an explicit reasoning representation, including scene context, current focus, anticipated next focus, and causal explanation, and to learn next-focus anticipation through minimal-pair supervision. To address task conflict and large sample requirements of existing models, and to mitigate task interference under limited data, we introduce a novel dual-pathway architecture in which separate modules handle spatial prediction and caption generation. In addition, we use a training-only vision-language alignment mechanism that injects semantic priors into spatial learning without increasing inference complexity, mitigating task interference under few-shot training. Despite extreme data scarcity, FSDAM achieves competitive performance in gaze prediction, and generates coherent, context-aware structural reasoning for improved interpretability. The model further demonstrates strong zero-shot generalization across multiple driving benchmarks.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

Interpretable Modeling of Driver Attention Shifts with a Vision-Language Model

Driver gaze is commonly modeled as a spatial heatmap, but heatmaps alone are difficult for humans to interpret because they do not explain which road object or region is being monitored or why an attention shift may matter. This study examines whether minimal human-grounded supervision can steer a vision--language model toward interpretable descriptions of driver attention shifts. Using selected high-change gaze moments from the Berkeley DeepDrive-Attention dataset, we compare zero-shot, one-shot, and LoRA fine-tuned VLM conditions against human-refined reference descriptions and expert ratings. Results show that fine-tuning with 80 expert-refined attention examples improves ROUGE-L, METEOR, Entity Alignment F1, and Human Alignment Score relative to unsteered VLM outputs. The findings suggest that language-based descriptions can complement gaze heatmaps by making driver attention more accessible for human-factors analysis, driver-monitoring review, and situation-awareness support.

cs.CV↗