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Paul Schmalenberg

Publications and source records attributed to Paul Schmalenberg.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

Tracking Driving Stressors through Multimodal Physiological Monitoring

Understanding and mitigating driving stress is important for improving road safety and driver well-being. Reliable estimation, however, requires distinguishing biobehavioral responses to individual stressors from gradual physiological and contextual changes. We collected physiological data and vehicle telemetry from 31 participants across 44 simulated-driving sessions containing controlled stressor events. Under cross-validation, a multimodal classifier achieved an AUROC of 0.768 when distinguishing the stressor phase from an earlier baseline, reflecting both stressor effects and temporal drift. Controlling for drift retained an AUROC of 0.661, but revealed stronger responses to sustained than brief stressors, and shifted feature attribution toward phasic cardiac and electrodermal markers. We further quantified the interaction between model-estimated physiological stress and observable changes in vehicle control through simulation telemetry. Our findings show that stressor-aware modeling can identify physiologically grounded responses that correspond to meaningful changes in driving behavior.

eess.SP↗

Dual-sided transparent display

In the past decade, display technology has been reimagined to meet the needs of the virtual world. By mapping information onto a scene through a transparent display, users can simultaneously visualize both the real world and layers of virtual elements. However, advances in augmented reality (AR) technology have primarily focused on wearable gear or personal devices. Here we present a single display capable of delivering visual information to observers positioned on either side of the transparent device. This dual-sided display system employs a polymer stabilized liquid crystal waveguide technology to achieve a transparency window of 65% while offering active-matrix control. An early-stage prototype exhibits full-color information via time-sequential processing of a red-green-blue (RGB) light-emitting diode (LED) strip. The dual-sided display provides a perspective on transparent mediums as display devices for human-centric and service-related experiences that can support both enhanced bi-directional user interactions and new media platforms.

cs.ET↗

Electronically reconfigurable metal-on-silicon metamaterial

Reconfigurable metamaterial-based apertures can play a unique role in both imaging and in beam-forming applications, where current technology relies mostly on the fabrication and integration of large detector or antenna arrays. Here, we report the experimental demonstration of a voltage-controlled, silicon-based electromagnetic metamaterial operating in the W-band (75-110 GHz). In this composite semiconductor metamaterial, patterned gold metamaterial elements serve both to manage electromagnetic wave propagation while simultaneously acting as electrical Schottky contacts that control the local conductivity of the semiconductor substrate. The active device layers consist of a patterned metal on a 2-μm-thick n-doped silicon layer, adhesively bonded to a transparent Pyrex wafer. The transmittance of the composite metamaterial can be modulated over a given frequency band as a function of bias voltage. We demonstrate a quantitative understanding of the composite device through the application of numerical approaches that simultaneously treat the semiconductor junction physics as well as wave propagation.

physics.optics↗