NORI: a GPU-accelerated code for simulating self-gravitating and self-interacting dark matter
Self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) can form cores in dark matter haloes and later drive their gravothermal collapse, raising their central densities far above those of NFW haloes. Simulating this collapse is computationally demanding, requiring increasingly short time-steps and a large particle number to resolve the shrinking core. We present NORI, an $N$-body code that runs on CPUs and GPUs and simulates isolated self-gravitating systems with elastic, isotropic self-interactions using a Monte-Carlo method. To avoid MPI communication in the tree walks, each compute node in CPU mode, and each GPU or group of GPUs in GPU mode, holds a copy of all particles and its own Morton-ordered tree. A fixed evaluation order makes the results bitwise identical on CPUs and GPUs. Applying scattering events sequentially conserves the momentum and energy of each pair to round-off and allows multiple scatterings per particle per step. With global time-steps in both codes, NORI is several times faster on CPUs than our AREPO-2 implementation. One four-A100 GPU node is up to 60 times faster per time-step than AREPO-2 on a 112-core CPU node. For a full core-collapse simulation, where AREPO-2 uses individual time-steps, the speed-up is $\sim 30$ for the central density to reach $10^3$--$10^4$ times the NFW scale density, $ρ_{\rm s}$. We follow a halo with $10^8$ particles within $r_{200}$ to a central density of $10^4\,ρ_{\rm s}$. Within the limit of about $2\times10^9$ particles set by data replication, NORI provides an efficient tool for isolated SIDM simulations, including gravothermal collapse and cluster collisions.