Matrix solutions of the cubic Szegő equation on the real line
This paper is dedicated to studying matrix solutions of the cubic Szegő equation on the line in Pocovnicu [arXiv:1001.4037, arXiv:1012.2943] and Gérard--Pushnitski [arXiv:2307.06734], leading to the following matrix Szegő equation on $\mathbb{R}$, \begin{equation*} i \partial_t U = Π_{\geq 0} \left(U U ^* U \right), \quad \widehat{\left(Π_{\geq 0} U\right)}(ξ)= \mathbf{1}_{ξ\geq 0}\hat{U}(ξ)\in \mathbb{C}^{M \times N}. \end{equation*} Inspired from the space-periodic matrix Szegő equation in Sun [arXiv:2309.12136], we establish its Lax pair structure via double Hankel operators and Toeplitz operators. Then the explicit formula in [arXiv:2307.06734] can be extended to two equivalent formulas in the matrix equation case, which both express every solution explicitly in terms of its initial datum and the time variable.