arXiv subjects

Ryan Tran

Publications and source records attributed to Ryan Tran.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Structured Authority Injection: Persistent Human Control for LLM Agents via Typed MCP Overrides

LLM-based agents are increasingly used as autonomous orchestrators in distributed and multi-agent systems, yet a control gap remains: no protocol-level mechanism allows human operators to inject binding directives that persist across planning cycles. Free-text overrides suffer from ambiguous interpretation due to lack of schema validation and from authority erosion as operator instructions lose influence within accumulating context. We propose Structured Authority Injection (SAI), a protocol that addresses these issues by routing operator corrections through typed, schema-validated Model Context Protocol (MCP) tool calls and maintaining a ranked authority context prepended to each LLM prompt. SAI defines three override classes (Constraint, Priority, and Strategy) with distinct persistence semantics and an explicit precedence order enforced via a directed authority channel inaccessible to the planning process. The method requires no model fine-tuning or access to model weights and applies to instruction-tuned LLMs supporting MCP tool use. Evaluation across nine LLMs and eight scenarios targeting agent failure modes shows reduced ambiguous directive interpretation and mitigated authority decay across planning iterations, with lower prompt overhead in the strongest models (up to 38% depending on model and scenario), though benefit varies substantially across models. SAI provides a general design pattern for agent systems requiring explicit and persistent human control.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2021

Conditional Synthetic Data Generation for Robust Machine Learning Applications with Limited Pandemic Data

$\textbf{Background:}$ At the onset of a pandemic, such as COVID-19, data with proper labeling/attributes corresponding to the new disease might be unavailable or sparse. Machine Learning (ML) models trained with the available data, which is limited in quantity and poor in diversity, will often be biased and inaccurate. At the same time, ML algorithms designed to fight pandemics must have good performance and be developed in a time-sensitive manner. To tackle the challenges of limited data, and label scarcity in the available data, we propose generating conditional synthetic data, to be used alongside real data for developing robust ML models. $\textbf{Methods:}$ We present a hybrid model consisting of a conditional generative flow and a classifier for conditional synthetic data generation. The classifier decouples the feature representation for the condition, which is fed to the flow to extract the local noise. We generate synthetic data by manipulating the local noise with fixed conditional feature representation. We also propose a semi-supervised approach to generate synthetic samples in the absence of labels for a majority of the available data. $\textbf{Results:}$ We performed conditional synthetic generation for chest computed tomography (CT) scans corresponding to normal, COVID-19, and pneumonia afflicted patients. We show that our method significantly outperforms existing models both on qualitative and quantitative performance, and our semi-supervised approach can efficiently synthesize conditional samples under label scarcity. As an example of downstream use of synthetic data, we show improvement in COVID-19 detection from CT scans with conditional synthetic data augmentation.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2021

CDCGen: Cross-Domain Conditional Generation via Normalizing Flows and Adversarial Training

How to generate conditional synthetic data for a domain without utilizing information about its labels/attributes? Our work presents a solution to the above question. We propose a transfer learning-based framework utilizing normalizing flows, coupled with both maximum-likelihood and adversarial training. We model a source domain (labels available) and a target domain (labels unavailable) with individual normalizing flows, and perform domain alignment to a common latent space using adversarial discriminators. Due to the invertible property of flow models, the mapping has exact cycle consistency. We also learn the joint distribution of the data samples and attributes in the source domain by employing an encoder to map attributes to the latent space via adversarial training. During the synthesis phase, given any combination of attributes, our method can generate synthetic samples conditioned on them in the target domain. Empirical studies confirm the effectiveness of our method on benchmarked datasets. We envision our method to be particularly useful for synthetic data generation in label-scarce systems by generating non-trivial augmentations via attribute transformations. These synthetic samples will introduce more entropy into the label-scarce domain than their geometric and photometric transformation counterparts, helpful for robust downstream tasks.

cs.CV↗