Non-parametric and continuous extraction of amplitudes in realistic electroweak penguin decays
A novel approach to extract decay amplitudes in $B\to V(\to M_1M_2)\ell^+\ell^-$ processes, where $V$ represents a meson with either $J = 0$ (S-wave) or $J = 1$ (P-wave), was recently proposed. In this method, the dependence of the amplitudes on the dihadron and dimuon invariant masses is extracted model-independently through a fit to the helicity angles and a subsequent calculation of sPlot weights. In this paper, we show that this method still performs well when applied to data with experimental realism, namely in the presence of detection efficiencies and background candidates, both of which can have non-factorising dependencies between the fitted helicity angles and extracted two-particle masses. We show that a non-factorising efficiency can be accommodated with a small change to the conventional calculation of the sPlot weights, and a non-factorising background by expanding the description of the background distribution into individually factorising terms. We illustrate the method using simulated $B\to K^+π^-μ^+μ^-$ data, containing both S- and P-wave contributions to the $K^+π^-$ system, mixed with non-factorising background candidates and generated with a realistic function for the detection efficiency. We also show that this method can be applied over a much larger dimuon invariant-mass range than studied previously. This work suggests that the method is suitable for application to real experimental data, where it could provide model-independent decay-amplitude shapes for direct comparison with theoretical predictions. A measurement using this technique can improve sensitivity to potential new-physics effects in $b\to s\ell\ell$ transitions, as well as the understanding of hadronic form factors, particularly in the S-wave system.