Explicit enumeration and large-valence asymptotics of even-valent maps
Let $\mathscr{N}_g(2ν,j)$ denote the number of connected labelled $2ν$-valent maps of genus $g$ with $j$ vertices. Explicit bivariate formulae for $\mathscr{N}_g(2ν,j)$ have been available only in the planar and toroidal cases. Using a structural formula of Ercolani et al (2023), we translate the problem of determining an explicit bivariate formula for $\mathscr{N}_g(2ν,j)$, $g \geq 2$, to finding finitely many counts with a fixed number of vertices. For $g=2,3$ and $4$ we determine these counts using the associated orthogonal polynomials, yielding explicit bivariate formulae for $\mathscr{N}_g(2ν,j)$ in these genera. Furthermore, the same method applies for every $g\ge5$ at the cost of additional computation. From these formulae we obtain the leading-order asymptotics of $\mathscr{N}_g(2ν,j)$ as $ν\to\infty$ for $g=2,3,4$, and we conjecture the structure of these formulae in general genus. In addition, we establish an analogous reduction to finitely many counts, derive explicit formulae and large-valence asymptotics, and formulate corresponding conjectures for two-legged even-valent maps.