MAVE: A Multi-Agent Framework for Grounded Pedagogical Feedback from Online Class Videos
Timely pedagogical feedback is difficult to scale in online classes, where long and noisy videos make student responses hard to locate and automated systems often produce generic advice weakly grounded in actual classroom behavior. The key challenge is to connect the instructional goal of a specific lesson segment with temporally aligned multimodal evidence of student responses, and then translate the observed gap into an actionable teaching move. We introduce MAVE (Multi-Agents for Video-based Educational Feedback), a multi-agent framework for grounded pedagogical feedback from online-class videos. MAVE decomposes feedback generation into four roles: the Curator structures the lesson and infers expected student activity; the Observer extracts aligned speech, visual, and interaction evidence; the Assessor estimates the activity supported by student behavior; and the Advisor generates gap-conditioned teaching recommendations. To evaluate this capability, we introduce MAVEBench, a benchmark designed to measure whether feedback systems can ground diagnoses in multimodal student evidence, and generate actionable pedagogical feedback. MAVEBench contains 173 knowledge-point segments from approximately 20 hours of authentic online-class videos across STEM and Humanities, together with comprehensive simulation. Experiments show that MAVE outperforms direct prompting, Reflexion, and TextGrad in diagnostic correctness, instructional alignment, and actionability. Our code is available at https://github.com/DaRL-GenAI/MAVE