On a double-variable inequality and elliptic systems involving critical Hardy-Sobolev exponents
Let $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^N$ ($N\geq 3$) be an open domain which is not necessarily bounded. The sharp constant and extremal functions to the following kind of double-variable inequalities $$ S_{α,β,λ,μ}(Ω) \Big(\int_Ω\big(λ\frac{|u|^{2^*(s)}}{|x|^s}+μ\frac{|v|^{2^*(s)}}{|x|^s}+2^*(s)κ\frac{|u|^α|v|^β}{|x|^s}\big)dx\Big)^{\frac{2}{2^*(s)}}$$ $$\leq \int_Ω\big(|\nabla u|^2+|\nabla v|^2\big)dx$$ for $(u,v)\in {\mathscr{D}}:=D_{0}^{1,2}(Ω)\times D_{0}^{1,2}(Ω)$ will be explored. Further results about the sharp constant $S_{α,β,λ,μ}(Ω)$ with its extremal functions when $Ω$ is a general open domain will be involved. For this goal, we consider the following elliptic systems involving multiple Hardy-Sobolev critical exponents: $$\begin{cases} -Δu-λ\frac{|u|^{2^*(s_1)-2}u}{|x|^{s_1}}=κα\frac{1}{|x|^{s_2}}|u|^{α-2}u|v|^β\quad &\hbox{in}\;Ω, -Δv-μ\frac{|v|^{2^*(s_1)-2}v}{|x|^{s_1}}=κβ\frac{1}{|x|^{s_2}}|u|^α|v|^{β-2}v\quad &\hbox{in}\;Ω, (u,v)\in \mathscr{D}:=D_{0}^{1,2}(Ω)\times D_{0}^{1,2}(Ω), \end{cases}$$ where $s_1,s_2\in (0,2), α>1,β>1, λ>0,μ>0,κ\neq 0, α+β\leq 2^*(s_2)$. Here, $2^*(s):=\frac{2(N-s)}{N-2}$ is the critical Hardy-Sobolev exponent. We mainly study the critical case (i.e., $α+β=2^*(s_2)$) when $Ω$ is a cone (in particular, $Ω=\mathbb{R}_+^N$ or $Ω=\mathbb{R}^N$). We will establish a sequence of fundamental results including regularity, symmetry, existence and multiplicity, uniqueness and nonexistence, {\it etc.}