arXiv subjects

Yanwei Fu

Publications and source records attributed to Yanwei Fu.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

RSI-Env: An Open-Ended Environment for Recursive Self-Improvement of Agents

Recursive self-improvement (RSI) envisions agent systems that autonomously improve their own models and harnesses, with each updated system continuing to improve itself. Existing approaches typically restrict optimization objectives, editable components, or evaluation procedures, limiting open-ended exploration and continuity across generations. We introduce RSI-Env, a persistent environment for coordinated model-harness improvement, supporting autonomous training, harness modification, and retention of research state. An independent Host Controller manages services, evaluation, and versioning. Under Self, each accepted model-harness version takes over the next improvement round. We define three settings that vary goal specificity and access to benchmark feedback: Open-General, Capability-Directed, and Benchmark-Guided. Across these three settings, we compare Self with two fixed external Teachers on seven tasks, starting from Qwen3.8-27B with a minimal harness. Without benchmark feedback, Open-General Self raises GPQA Diamond accuracy from 65.2% to 73.2% and AIME 2026 accuracy from 53.3% to 56.7%. All three Capability-Directed Self runs achieve target-aligned gains. Knowledge Self demonstrates continued improvement across system updates, with SimpleQA accuracy rising from 82.0% to 85.0% and then 88.0%. Benchmark guidance and Teacher benefits vary by task. These results demonstrate RSI-Env's support for open-ended exploration and sustained recursive improvement within the studied runs, while highlighting challenges in preserving gains across capabilities.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

ReVEAL: Eliciting Role-Aware Latent Visual Evidence from MLLMs for Reasoning Video Object Segmentation

Reasoning video object segmentation (ReVOS) requires segmenting the target specified by an implicit query throughout a video. Existing MLLM-based methods typically require costly cross-model alignment, tying MLLM training to a downstream segmentation model. We present ReVEAL, a decoupled thinking-with-video framework for ReVOS that elicits role-aware latent visual evidence from MLLM reasoning to directly guide segmentation. ReVEAL introduces Visual Evidence Tokens (VETs) into video reasoning to associate necessary visual regions or entities with target, background, or distractor roles, while a Dynamic Attention Layer Router adaptively aggregates VET-to-video attention across layers into role-specific grounding evidence. We train the MLLM to perform VET-augmented reasoning on our constructed ReVEAL-47K dataset, with a Contrastive Attention Grounding Loss as auxiliary supervision to apply role-specific constraints to VET attention and optimize layer routing for reliable latent grounding. At inference, ReVEAL identifies the target through this thinking-with-video process and fuses the resulting role-specific evidence to guide a frozen SAM2 in predicting target masks. Experiments on five benchmarks show that ReVEAL outperforms alignment-free baselines and remains competitive with alignment-based methods.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

F2G-Pose: Geometry-Aware Foundation Feature Lifting for Direct RGB-D Category-Level Object Pose Estimation

This paper studies category-level RGB-D object pose estimation, which recovers an object's 3D rotation and translation without instance-specific CAD models or reference views. This task is highly ambiguous due to intra-class variations, symmetries, and partial observations. Current solutions struggle to balance reliability and efficiency: methods based on intermediate structures are prone to error propagation, while diffusion models suffer from high inference latency and complex post-hoc candidate extraction. To address this, we present F2G-Pose, a real-time direct, single-pass framework that predicts category-level pose, metric size, and camera-frame completed shape from a single RGB-D observation in one feed-forward pass. F2G-Pose lifts dense visual foundation features to partial point clouds, encodes local geometry with DGCNN tokenization, and integrates object-level structure with a Mixture-of-Experts Transformer. Joint size prediction and camera-frame shape completion encourage metric consistency through dense geometric supervision. With its task-specific network trained only on pose-annotated synthetic SOPE data and its frozen RADIO backbone externally pretrained, F2G-Pose achieves state-of-the-art accuracy on SOPE and ROPE while running at 28 FPS for pose-only inference, and further demonstrates strong camera-frame geometry on HouseCat6D and real-object transfer on HANDAL. Analyses of latency, robustness, shape completion, and GenPose++ candidate behavior further demonstrate the efficiency and reliability of F2G-Pose, with real-world manipulation experiments demonstrating deployment potential under segmented RGB-D inputs. The project page, code, and pretrained models are made available at https://jrryzh.github.io/F2G-Pose/.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

Schrödinger's Navigator: Imagining an Ensemble of Futures for Zero-Shot Object Navigation

Zero-shot object navigation (ZSON) requires robots to find target objects in unseen environments without task-specific fine-tuning or pre-built maps, a key capability for general-purpose service robots. Yet methods that perform well in simulation often degrade in cluttered real-world scenes with severe occlusion and latent hazards, where large unseen regions make single-scene inference brittle and unsafe. We propose Schrödinger's Navigator, a belief-aware framework that reasons at inference time over multiple trajectory-conditioned imagined 3D futures. Given candidate paths, a trajectory-conditioned 3D world model predicts hypothetical observations and maintains a superposition of plausible scene realizations rather than committing to one map. An adaptive occluder-aware sampler directs imagination to uncertainty-critical regions, while a Future-Aware Value Map (FAVM) aggregates imagined futures for robust, proactive action selection. Experiments in simulation and on a physical Go2 quadruped show that Schrödinger's Navigator outperforms strong ZSON baselines, improving hidden-target discovery and risk-aware waypoint selection in occlusion-heavy navigation scenarios. These results highlight imagined 3D futures as a scalable and generalizable strategy for zero-shot navigation in uncertain real-world environments.

cs.RO↗

arXiv2026

Look Before You Act: Bridging Active Perception and Vision-Language-Action Models via Observation-Aligned Data Adaptation

Robots manipulating objects in clutter must decide not only how to act, but also where to look. Although active camera motion can expose an occluded target, it may move the robot into an initial observation-state distribution that differs from the manipulation policy's training distribution. We identify this problem as first-frame distribution sensitivity: under perturbed starts in LIBERO, naively prepending camera repositioning to pi_0.5 reduces success from 46.3% to 11.5%. We introduce ActiveAlign, a data-adaptation framework that trains a Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policy from the states at which active perception terminates. A learned viewpoint module first generates a camera trajectory. Offline, ActiveAlign uses closed-loop alignment to connect the trajectory endpoint to an existing demonstration, replays the remaining manipulation trajectory, and retains successful continuations for fine-tuning. At deployment, the same viewpoint module precedes the adapted VLA without modifying its architecture. Across 40 LIBERO tasks, ActiveAlign achieves 70.7% success with pi_0 and 72.7% with pi_0.5, outperforming their standard-training baselines by 40.0% and 26.4% respectively. Matched-state and data-matched controls support gains beyond prefix shortening and generic viewpoint augmentation; OpenVLA and GR00T N1 also show the same trend. Success rate under physical occlusion in real world increases from 35/90 to 83/90. These results show that active perception benefits manipulation when policy training is aligned with the observation and robot-state distribution induced by viewpoint selection.

cs.RO↗

arXiv2026

AWAM: Active Trajectory-Conditioned View Imagination for Robust Robot Manipulation

Rapid progress in embodied intelligence has enabled increasingly capable robots to follow language instructions and manipulate diverse objects. However, strong results in structured environments do not automatically transfer to open-world conditions, where clutter, occlusion, and changing viewpoints can obscure the spatial relationships required for action. To address this perceptual gap, a virtual active-perception paradigm is introduced. AWAM, an Active World-Action Model actively plans where to observe and imagines what will be seen along the planned trajectory before acting. Task-related virtual camera motion is predicted and used as a structured query into a geometry-conditioned world model, producing a reusable spatial prior for manipulation, which is later compressed into a fixed memory and fused with live observations through cross-attention for diffusion-based action prediction. AWAM achieves competitive success rates with 75.9% on LIBERO-Occ, 62.4% on LIBERO-Plus, 76.5% on RLBench-OG Occlusion1, and 94.4% in real-robot trials. These results support improved robustness to the evaluated occlusions and distribution shifts, addressing part of the gap between structured manipulation and less controlled environments.

cs.RO↗

arXiv2026

Open-o3-Video-v2: Seek, Ground, and Reason with Verifiable Spatio-Temporal Evidence

Reliable video reasoning requires models to produce correct answers and expose supporting visual evidence. Open-o3-Video enables verifiable reasoning by embedding timestamps and object-level bounding boxes into reasoning traces, but is restricted to frames from an initial sparse sampler. We introduce Open-o3-Video-v2, which formulates video reasoning as a unified agentic evidencegrounded process. The model identifies missing information, acquires additional observations, grounds the moments and objects supporting its reasoning, and writes this evidence into the trajectory before continuing or answering. To support this behavior, we construct STGR-v2-CoT135K, including 52K multi-turn agentic grounded reasoning trajectories, and STGR-v2-RL-13K for reinforcement learning. We further propose Clue-Seek GRPO (CS-GRPO), which tracks how tool calls change accumulated evidence, rewards clue coverage and step-wise gains, and penalizes excessive, repetitive, or uninformative retrieval. On V-STaR, Open-o3-Video-v2-4B achieves 40.4% mAM and 56.3% mLGM, outperforming its Qwen3-VL-4B backbone by 8.5% and 12.6%, respectively. It also delivers consistent gains across general video understanding, long-video reasoning, and temporal grounding benchmarks. These results show that active evidence acquisition and verifiable object-level grounding are complementary for reliable video reasoning. The code and models are released at https://msalab-pku.github.io/projects/Open-o3-Video-v2.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

EgoOmniWorld: Unifying Egocentric Understanding via Ego-Action-World Interactions

Egocentric video understanding spans diverse capabilities, modalities, and evaluation formats, yet these are often studied in isolation despite their tight coupling in real-world interaction. We propose the Ego-Action-World interaction loop as a unifying principle: the wearer perceives the world, forms goals, acts, changes the world, and uses feedback to guide subsequent behavior. Based on this view, we introduce EgoOmniWorld, a benchmark organized around four complementary interaction structures: Node captures ego, action, and world states; Edge captures directed relations among them; Chain captures linked dependencies; and Loop captures feedback-closed interactions. We develop an interaction-first, evidence-grounded data pipeline that extracts structured interactions from egocentric videos, grounds them in visual and auditory evidence, and generates questions according to their interaction structure. Required modalities and single- or multi-turn formats follow naturally from the supporting evidence and dependencies. EgoOmniWorld contains 24,166 QA groups, including 20,284 training and 3,882 test samples. Experiments on representative open- and closed-source multimodal large language models reveal substantial and uneven limitations across interaction structures. Models trained on EgoOmniWorld improve in-domain interaction understanding and generalize to existing egocentric benchmarks. EgoOmniWorld provides a unified foundation for evaluating and advancing egocentric video understanding. Data, code, and models will be released.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

Unravel: Recovering an Interactive 3D Scene from a Single Image

We present Unravel, a training-free framework that turns a single image into an interactive 3D scene, where every object is an independent and movable asset. Existing generators either produce one entangled geometry in which no object can be moved, or predict all objects in one feed-forward pass, where a wrong guess cannot be detected or repaired. Unravel instead takes a different approach: it first takes the scene apart, and then puts it back together. Starting from the input image, an agentic harness that iteratively peels the image layer by layer, and adopts point cloud as major modality for spatial relationship recovery. Specifically, a vision-language model plans which objects are fully visible, an image editor removes them and restores the occluded regions. Every edit is verified before being incorporated into the reconstruction. This process gradually turns occluded parts of the scene into direct observation, allowing objects to be reconstructed when they are best exposed rather than hallucinated from the original image alone. The scene is then rebuilt in reverse removal order, so that the supporting objects are naturally placed before the objects they support. Since a single-view image only reveals part of an object, we treat the observed points as a lower bound on its size: an asset may grow to cover its points, but can not shrink away from them. Finally, we physically settle the reconstructed scene to remove floating objects and interpenetrations, followed by an agentic audit that corrects remaining placement errors. Extensive experiments on diverse indoor scenes show that Unravel recovers more objects, places them more faithfully, and produces scenes that are more physically-plausible than existing methods.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

OmniCam: Omni-Camera Trajectory Generation via Geometry-Grounded Pose Token Learning

Camera trajectories control viewpoint changes in video generation, scene reconstruction, and robotic perception. Generating them from language requires both scene geometry and target-aware framing. We introduce OmniCam, an autoregressive model that generates camera pose sequences from a single panorama and textual trajectory descriptions. Its geometry-grounded pose token learning combines three components: a panoramic point-cloud encoder for omnidirectional geometric context; hybrid absolute-rotation and relative-translation tokenization with temporally consistent quaternion signs; and separate geometric and semantic conditioning streams with an explicit 3D target anchor. We also construct OmniCaT, containing 267,700 trajectories across four camera behaviors. On the reported OmniCaT evaluation, OmniCam reduces trajectory errors by 28--47% and collision rate by 65.8% relative to GenDoP retrained on OmniCaT. Against the best baseline for each metric, the ATE and collision reductions are 43.0% and 62.3%, respectively. Component ablations support the use of geometric and target-aware conditioning, while downstream experiments examine camera-controlled video generation and robotic active perception.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

Stochastic MeanFlow Policies: One-Step Generative Control with Entropic Mirror Descent

Combining entropy regularisation with mirror descent in online off-policy reinforcement learning requires expressive policies with efficient sampling and explicit entropy control. Gaussian policies struggle to represent multimodal targets, whereas generative policies often require iterative sampling or lack tractable entropy estimates. We introduce Stochastic MeanFlow Policies (SMFP), a one-step generative policy class that combines MeanFlow-based noise-to-action mappings with Gaussian reparameterisation. The latent mapping captures diverse action modes, while a learnable conditional Gaussian scale provides an analytic entropy lower bound. We use this bound to regulate stochasticity alongside direct value guidance and advantage-weighted MeanFlow regression, enabling entropy-regularised mirror-descent learning with one-step policies. Across seven MuJoCo benchmarks, SMFP achieves strong performance against Gaussian and generative baselines with single-step inference. Additional experiments demonstrate multimodal action modelling and effective exploration in sparse-reward navigation.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2026

Vela: Scaling Vision-Language-Action Models with Adaptive Action Curve Parametrization

Most vision-language-action models represent future motion as fixed-rate action chunks, tying temporal resolution and prediction horizon to a fixed output budget. This pointwise representation wastes capacity on highly correlated neighboring actions, leaves temporal continuity and smoothness to be learned implicitly, and forces a tradeoff between long-horizon coverage and the local precision required for contact-rich manipulation. To address these limitations, we introduce Vela, a vision-language-action foundation model that represents future robot behavior as continuous trajectories. Vela combines a compact spline-based action representation with motion-dependent temporal support and a shared action interface for heterogeneous embodiments, allowing a fixed output budget to adapt its temporal resolution across motions. We pretrain Vela on large-scale multi-embodiment robot data and evaluate it on LIBERO-X, EBench, and two real-world long-horizon tasks, egg-cake cooking and potato shredding, obtaining promising results across simulation and physical manipulation. These results highlight the potential of continuous action representations as a foundation for future embodied foundation models. Project page and more results: https://clementine24.github.io/Vela/ .

cs.RO↗

arXiv2026

QAMM: Adjoint MeanFlow Matching for Few-Step Offline Reinforcement Learning

Flow policies can model rich action distributions, but their iterative sampling limits decision speed. Adjoint matching uses the critic's action gradient to improve a flow policy without backpropagating through its sampling trajectory, yet its supervision is defined for instantaneous velocities. We propose QAMM, a method that turns the critic-derived adjoint signal into supervision for MeanFlow's average velocity. The resulting policy learns finite-interval transport directly and generates actions with few network evaluations. We derive the adjoint MeanFlow target, specify its gradient boundaries, and train it with an offline actor-critic. On ten HumanoidMaze tasks, QAMM produces effective two-call policies and achieves competitive performance against strong flow-policy baselines. These results show that adjoint-based Q optimization can be combined with average-velocity learning to obtain expressive offline policies with few-step action generation.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2026

Universal Pose Pretraining for Generalizable Vision-Language-Action Policies

Existing Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models often suffer from feature collapse and low training efficiency because they entangle high-level perception with sparse, embodiment-specific action supervision. Since these models typically rely on VLM backbones optimized for Visual Question Answering (VQA), they excel at semantic identification but often overlook subtle 3D state variations that dictate distinct action patterns. To resolve these misalignments, we propose Pose-VLA, a decoupled paradigm that separates VLA training into a pre-training phase for extracting universal 3D spatial priors in a unified camera-centric space, and a post-training phase for efficient embodiment alignment within robot-specific action space. By introducing discrete pose tokens as a universal representation, Pose-VLA seamlessly integrates spatial grounding from diverse 3D datasets with geometry-level trajectories from robotic demonstrations. Our framework follows a two-stage pre-training pipeline, establishing fundamental spatial grounding via poses followed by motion alignment through trajectory supervision. Extensive evaluations demonstrate that Pose-VLA achieves state-of-the-art results on RoboTwin 2.0 with a 79.5% average success rate and competitive performance on LIBERO at 96.0%. Real-world experiments further showcase robust generalization across diverse objects using only 100 demonstrations per task, validating the efficiency of our pre-training paradigm.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

ClashBench: Conflicts Leading Agents to Seize and Harm

As agent systems become more widely used, multiple agent sessions increasingly run alongside pre-existing user tasks in the same environment, sharing resources with limited capacity or mutually exclusive states. This creates a safety risk: when granted sufficient privileges, an agent may resolve a resource conflict by terminating or otherwise disrupting an existing task rather than reporting it. In this work, we identify and formalize this failure mode, which we term destructive resource preemption: obtaining the resources required for a requested task by terminating, overwriting, evicting, or degrading an incumbent task. To systematically study this risk, we introduce ClashBench, an executable benchmark comprising 268 validated conflict cases across 55 resource types, and evaluate 17 models through Codex, Claude Code, and OpenCode. We observe destructive preemption in 44.5% of trajectories, where the agent completes the requested task while causing the incumbent task to fail its health check. We also show that prompt-based safeguards are insufficient: an instruction to avoid affecting existing tasks reduces but does not eliminate preemption, while an instruction explicitly authorizing the agent to stop local processes increases it. More concerningly, in 31.9% of successful destructive-preemption cases, the final response mentions neither the resource conflict nor the action taken to resolve it, raising concerns about possible concealment. These findings establish destructive resource preemption as a broad safety risk in privileged agent systems and motivate stronger privilege controls, task isolation, and conflict-aware safeguards.

cs.CR↗

arXiv2026

SafeEvolve: Harness-Policy Co-Evolution from Agent Experience for Safety Alignment

The performance of LLM-based agents is jointly shaped by the base model and the harness used when interacting with the environment. This exposes them to safety risks in both harmful final responses and multi-step execution trajectories. Existing safety alignment mechanisms often rely on either external harness updates or policy optimization, yet applying either paradigm in isolation fails to bridge runtime control with intrinsic safety. We propose SafeEvolve, an experience-driven self-evolving framework for agent safety alignment. SafeEvolve leverages safety experience from completed on-policy trajectories to drive a continual loop of harness-policy co-evolution. On the harness side, SafeEvolve converts trajectory-level safety evidence into bounded, component-level updates across safety prompt and hierarchical skills, yielding auditable and reversible harness artifacts. On the policy side, SafeEvolve follows a two-stage SFT-RL paradigm, where harness-use SFT bootstraps the policy to actively leverage evolved harness artifacts, and harness-augmented RL further shapes autonomous safety behaviors during multi-step exploration via verifier-decomposed rewards. Through harness-policy co-evolution, SafeEvolve converts safety experience into an evolved runtime harness and improved policy behavior. Experiments on agentic safety benchmarks show that SafeEvolve achieves a stronger safety-utility tradeoff than existing baselines. For Qwen3.5-4B, SafeEvolve achieves a $3\times$ ASR reduction on AgentDojo while improving benign utility from 59.79% to 61.86%.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2026

StepGuard: Learning Step-Level Guardrails with Scalable Supervision and Safety-Utility Balancing

LLM-based agents can interact with external environments through tool invocation, but this capability also introduces security risks such as file modification, information leakage, and unauthorized actions. Existing guardrails often evaluate completed trajectories, leaving pre-execution monitoring of step-level actions underexplored. We propose StepGuard, a step-level guard model that can audit completed agent trajectories and check tool actions before they are executed. To train StepGuard, we introduce StepGen, an automatic data engine that generates safe and unsafe trajectories with the same context but different actions at the risky step. To further reduce over-defense and under-defense, we propose Balance-GRPO, which dynamically balances learning between safe and unsafe actions based on their observed accuracy. Experiments show that StepGuard achieves the highest average accuracy among open-weight guard models, with performance comparable to GPT-5.4. When used to guard agents on AgentDojo and AgentDyn, StepGuard reduces mean attack success rate by 77.3% relative to the no-guard setting, while mean utility drops by only 2.8 percentage points.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2026

AffineTok: Semantic Affine Consistency for Diffusion-Friendly Visual Tokenizer

Visual tokenizers increasingly inject semantic supervision into latent spaces to make downstream diffusion easier. Yet how these semantics should be organized to facilitate denoising remains underexplored. In this paper, we define the semantic recovery objective: the denoising process should recover the semantic content of the clean image from noisy latent, and a good tokenizer should make it easier. Existing approaches train a projector to predict the semantics directly from the noisy latent. We argue that this predicts the average of clean-image semantics, whereas what really needs to be aligned is the semantics of averaged clean latents. More importantly, we demonstrate that the semantic recovery error orthogonally decomposes into the error of the optimal semantic prediction directly from the noisy latent and the error between these two predictions. We therefore identify their consistency as the missing requirement and call it Semantic Affine Consistency (SAC). To examine whether this overlooked requirement is closely related to downstream generation, we introduce M_SAC, a tokenizer-side proxy for SAC. Across the evaluated tokenizers and diffusion model scales, M_SAC closely tracks generation quality, reaching a Pearson correlation of 0.960 with SiT-XL gFID, thereby motivating SAC-guided tokenizer training. We then introduce AffineTok, which promotes SAC through two complementary, training-only components. Global Semantic Coordination Token (GSCT) coordinates the semantic organization of clean latents, keeping semantic averaging meaningful, while Posterior-Mean Semantic Alignment (PMSA) predicts posterior-mean latents from noisy inputs and supervises their semantics. On ImageNet 256, compared with the baseline, AffineTok reduces gFID by 26% at 20 epochs and, with continued training, achieves a new state-of-the-art gFID of 1.21 without classifier-free guidance and 1.10 with guidance.

cs.CV↗